Oded Galor is the founder of Unified Growth Theory. He has contributed to the understanding of process of development over the entire course of human history and the role of deep-rooted factors in the transition from stagnation to growth and in the emergence of the vast inequality across the globe. Moreover, he has pioneered the exploration of the impact of human evolution, human genetic diversity, and inequality on the process of development over most of human existence. His interdisciplinary research has redirected research in the field of economic growth to the exploration of the long shadow of history and to the role of biogeographical forces in comparative economic development. It has spawned the influential literatures studying the impact of inequality on the process of development, the interaction between human evolution and economic development, the transition from stagnation to growth, and the impact of human diversity on comparative economic development.

He is the Editor in Chief of the Journal of Economic Growth, Editor of the Journal of Population Economics, Co-Editor of Macroeconomic Dynamics, a member of the editorial board of several journals, including Economics and Human Biology, and the Journal of Economic Inequality.