Category Archives: News

Call for contributions: 46th EBES Conference – Rome/Italy January 10-12, 2024. Abstract deadline: November 30, 2023.

October 20, 2023Events, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The 46th EBES Conference – Rome will take place on January 10th,11th, and 12th, 2024 in Rome, Italy. The conference will be hosted by the Faculty of Economics, Sapienza University of Rome with the support of the Istanbul Economic Research Association and organized in Hybrid Mode (online and in-person).

Interested researchers from around the world are cordially invited to submit their abstracts or papers for presentation considerations.

Deadline for Abstract/Paper Submission is November 30, 2023.

EBES Executive Board

Prof. Klaus F. Zimmermann, UNU-MERIT, Maastricht, and Free University Berlin
Prof. Mehmet Huseyin Bilgin, Istanbul Medeniyet University, EBES, Turkey
Prof. Jonathan Batten, University Utara Malaysia, Malaysia
Prof. Iftekhar Hasan, Fordham University, U.S.A.
Prof. Euston Quah, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Prof. John Rust, Georgetown University, U.S.A.
Prof. Dorothea Schäfer, German Institute for Economic Research DIW Berlin, Germany
Prof. Marco Vivarelli, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Italy

Abstract/Paper Submission

Authors are invited to submit their abstracts or papers no later than November 30, 2023.

For submission, please visit our website at https://ebesweb.org/46th-ebes-conference-rome/46th-abstract-submission/ no submission fee is required.

General inquiries regarding the call for papers should be directed to ebes@ebesweb.org

Publication Opportunities

Qualified papers can be published in EBES journals (Eurasian Business Review and Eurasian Economic Review) or EBES proceedings books after a peer review process without any submission or publication fees. EBES journals (EABR and EAER) are published by Springer and both are indexed in the SCOPUS, EBSCO EconLit with Full Text, Google Scholar, ABS Academic Journal Quality Guide, CNKI, EBSCO Business Source, EBSCO Discovery Service, ProQuest International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS), OCLC WorldCat Discovery Service, ProQuest ABI/INFORM, ProQuest Business Premium Collection, ProQuest Central, ProQuest Turkey Database, ProQuest-ExLibris Primo, ProQuest-ExLibris Summon, Research Papers in Economics (RePEc), Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China, Naver, SCImago, ABDC Journal Quality List, Cabell’s Directory, and Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory. In addition, while EAER is indexed in the Emerging Sources Citation Index (Clarivate Analytics), EABR is indexed in the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) and Current Contents / Social & Behavioral Sciences.

Also, all accepted abstracts will be published electronically in the Conference Program and the Abstract Book (with an ISBN number). It will be distributed to all conference participants at the conference via USB. Although submitting full papers are not required, all the submitted full papers will also be included in the conference proceedings in a USB.

After the conference, participants will also have the opportunity to send their paper to be published (after a refereeing process managed by EBES) in the Springer’s series Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics (no submission and publication fees). This is indexed by Scopus. It will also be sent to Clarivate Analytics in order to be reviewed for coverage in the Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH). Please note that the 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, and 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th, 29 (Vol. 1), and 30th EBES Conference Proceedings are accepted for inclusion in the Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH). Other conference proceedings are in progress.

Important Dates

Conference Date: January 10-12, 2024
Abstract Submission Deadline: November 30, 2023
Reply-by: December 10, 2023*
Registration Deadline: December 19, 2023
Submission of the Virtual Presentation: December 20, 2023
Announcement of the Program: December 25, 2023
Paper Submission Deadline (Optional): December 20, 2023**
Paper Submission for the EBES journals: March 16, 2024

* The decision regarding the acceptance/rejection of each abstract/paper will be communicated with the corresponding author within a week of submission.

** Completed paper submission is optional. If you want to be considered for the Best Paper Award or your full paper to be included in the conference proceedings in the USB, after submitting your abstract before November 30, 2023, you must also submit your completed (full) paper by December 20, 2023.

Contact

Ugur Can, Director of EBES (ebes@ebesweb.org)
Dr. Ender Demir, Conference Coordinator of EBES (demir@ebesweb.org)

Conference LINK

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Finding Love Abroad: Who Marries a Migrant and What Do They Gain? A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellows Eva Dziadula & Madeline Zavodny.

October 20, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper suggests that U.S. immigration policy plays an important role in whether immigrants bring in a spouse.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1334, 2023

Finding Love Abroad: Who Marries a Migrant and What Do They Gain? – Download PDF
by Dziadula, Eva & Zavodny, Madeline

GLO Fellows Eva Dziadula & Madeline Zavodny

Author Abstract: This study explores the role of individual and local marriage market characteristics in whether recently wed U.S. residents “imported” a spouse instead of marrying someone already present in the country. Our findings indicate that U.S. natives and immigrants whose spouse is a “marriage migrant” (someone who arrived in the U.S. the same year as the marriage occurred) are positively selected along some dimensions but negatively along others. The results also suggest that U.S. immigration policy plays an important role in whether immigrants bring in a spouse. We further investigate the trade-offs in spouse characteristics associated with having a marriage-migrant spouse. There appear to be several advantages to marrying a migrant, including that marriage-migrant spouses tend to be relatively younger and less likely to have been previously married. Immigrants’ gains to marrying a migrant are bigger among naturalized citizens, showcasing the desirability of someone who can easily sponsor a spouse for permanent residence.

Journal of Population Economics (JOPE)
JOPE (2022): CiteScore 9.2 (LINK) & Impact Factor 6.1; 524 K Downloads

JUST PUBLISHED
ONLINE FIRST: 32 articles forthcoming in Volume 36, Issue 4, 2023. Covered issues: Historical demography; fertility and marriage; migration and refugee issues; health, vaccinations, risky behaviors; education; retirement; gender issues and preferences

CALL FOR PAPERS
JOPE invites paper submissions for the following collections:
– Abortions
– Covid-19 and diseases
– Lifecycle fertility models
– Sexual and domestic violence
– Sexuality including LGBT issues
– Statistics & measurement of population economics
For more details and for examples of already published papers in these collections see:
https://glabor.org/collections-journal-of-population-economics-invites-paper-submissions-in-six-research-areas/
https://link.springer.com/journal/148/collections
JOPE Collections are a set of published papers on issues of significant relevance for the journal. Authors are continuously invited to submit their related work for evaluation stating their specific interest to contribute in the submission cover letter. JOPE Editors will treat those submissions with particular interest and speedy handling. Articles will be immediately published after final acceptance.

GLO Discussion Papers are research and policy papers of the GLO Network which are widely circulated to encourage discussion. Provided in cooperation with EconStor, a service of the ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, GLO Discussion Papers are among others listed in RePEc (see IDEAS, EconPapers). Complete list of all GLO DPs – downloadable for free.

The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.

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Artificial Intelligence and Employment: A Look into the Crystal Ball. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Dario Guarascio, GLO Affiliate Jelena Reljic and Roman Stöllinger.

October 19, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper shows that AI exposure has a positive impact on regional employment in Europe.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1333, 2023

Artificial Intelligence and Employment: A Look into the Crystal Ball – Download PDF
by Guarascio, Dario & Reljic, Jelena & Stöllinger, Roman

GLO Fellow Dario Guarascio & GLO Affiliate Jelena Reljic

Author Abstract: This study provides evidence of the employment impact of AI exposure in European regions, addressing one of the many gaps in the emerging literature on AI’s effects on employment in Europe. Building upon the occupation-based AI-exposure indicators proposed by Felten et al. (2018, 2019, 2021), which are mapped to the European occupational classification (ISCO), following Albanesi et al. (2023), we analyse the regional employment dynamics between 2011 and 2018. After controlling for a wide range of supply and demand factors, our findings indicate that, on average, AI exposure has a positive impact on regional employment. Put differently, European regions characterised by a relatively larger share of AI-exposed occupations display, all else being equal and once potential endogeneity concerns are mitigated, a more favourable employment tendency over the period 2011-2018. We also find evidence of a moderating effect of robot density on the AI-employment nexus, which however lacks a causal underpinning.

Featured image: Alex-Knight-on-Unsplash

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Ten Years of China’s Belt and Road Initiative.

October 18, 2023Events, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

China’s Belt and Road Initiative “has now been active for ten years and has led to China engaging in $1.01 trillion worth of investment and construction in 148 countries around the world.” (statista) The initiative has been under debate ever since the beginning.

Lauren A. Johnston (2023). China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Human Capital Implications. In: Zimmermann, K.F. (eds) Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_412-1

In 2013 China launched a flagship global development and geoeconomics initiative, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). From the lens of the contents of the two launch speeches the BRI can be understood as having five policy-related objectives which should be achieved via and alongside five delivery-related principles. These include direct human resources–related objectives, including fostering people-to-people ties, and goals that have vast implicit human resources–related implications, including those calling for fostering greater trade and investment. This chapter outlines those launch speeches, and China’s economic circumstances at the time of their delivery. This sets the context for onward elaboration of the BRI’s human resources–related policy announcements and goals, and the mechanisms for their delivery, including educational scholarships and in-country technical and vocational training, alongside language training, mainly via Confucius Institutes. Since none of China’s BRI activities happen in a controlled vacuum, and the BRI’s implementation context typically varies across time, country, and sector, it is difficult to draw specific human resource–related conclusions as to the BRI’s related implications. Case studies around the use of Chinese labor, and Chinese management, are, however, explored, and emphasis is placed on capacity to co-shape the human resources–related evolution of the BRI going forward.
Michele Bruni (2022). China, the Belt and Road Initiative, and the Century of Great Migration. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
GLO Interview with the author.
2019 IESR-GLO Workshop on ‘Belt and Road’ – Labor Markets.

Source: statista

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Unintended Consequences of Youth Entrepreneurship Programs: Experimental Evidence from Rwanda. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellows Moussa P. Blimpo & Todd Pugatch.

October 18, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper finds that youth entrepreneurship programs may steer some participants away from their comparative advantage.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1332, 2023

Unintended Consequences of Youth Entrepreneurship Programs: Experimental Evidence from Rwanda – Download PDF
by Blimpo, Moussa P. & Pugatch, Todd

GLO Fellows Moussa P. Blimpo & Todd Pugatch

Author Abstract: The persistently high employment share of the informal sector makes entrepreneurship a necessity for youth in many developing countries. We exploit exogenous variation in the implementation of Rwanda’s entrepreneurship education reform in secondary schools to evaluate its effect on student economic outcomes up to three years after graduation. Using a randomized controlled trial, we evaluated a three-year intensive training for entrepreneurship teachers, finding pedagogical changes as intended and increased entrepreneurial activity among students. In this paper, we tracked students following graduation and found that increased entrepreneurship persisted one year later, in 2019. Students from treated schools were six percentage points more likely to be entrepreneurs, an increase of 19 percent over the control mean. However, gains in entrepreneurship faded after three years, in 2021. Employment was six percentage points lower in the treatment group. By some measures, income and profits were lower in the treatment group, with no robust differences in these outcomes overall. Lower incomes and profits were concentrated among marginal students induced into entrepreneurship by the program. Youth entrepreneurship programs may therefore steer some participants away from their comparative advantage. Nonetheless, the program increased university enrollment, suggesting the potential for higher long run returns.

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Human Capital Misallocation and Output per Worker Differences: Beyond Cobb-Douglas. A new GLO Discussion Paper by Jan Trenczek and GLO Fellow Konstantin M. Wacker.

October 17, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper suggests that physical and human capital are less substitutable than Cobb-Douglas assumes.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1331, 2023

Human Capital Misallocation and Output per Worker Differences: Beyond Cobb-Douglas – Download PDF
by Trenczek, Jan & Wacker, Konstantin M.

GLO Fellow Konstantin M. Wacker

Author Abstract: Misallocation of human capital across sectors can have substantial negative implications for aggregate output. So far, the literature examining this type of labor misallocation has assumed a Cobb-Douglas production function. Our paper departs from this assumption and instead considers more exible CES production functions with different labor skill types as individual inputs. Our estimates from sectoral data of 39 countries suggest that physical and human capital are less substitutable than Cobb-Douglas assumes. Our counterfactual results indicate that human capital misallocation can explain approximately 15% of output per worker variation across countries, which is substantially less than under a Cobb-Douglas specification (21%).

Featured image: nikko-macaspac-unsplash

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Technological Sovereignty and Strategic Dependencies: The case of the Photovoltaic Supply Chain. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Dario Guarascio and colleagues.

October 16, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper shows that reinforcing technological specialization may help mitigating strategic dependencies.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1330, 2023

Technological Sovereignty and Strategic Dependencies: The case of the Photovoltaic Supply Chain – Download PDF
by Caravella, Serenella & Crespi, Francesco & Cucignatto, Giacomo & Guarascio, Dario

GLO Fellow Dario Guarascio

Author Abstract: This work sheds new light on the Photovoltaic Supply Chain (PVSC), providing fresh evidence on strategic dependencies (SDs) and (asymmetrically distributed) technological capabilities. Bridging the perspectives of ‘technological sovereignty’ and ‘strategic autonomy’, a number of contributions are provided. First, we carry out a fine-grained mapping of the PVSC, combining trade and patent data. Second, we assess the long-term evolution of trade and technological hierarchies, documenting processes of polarization and growing SDs. Third, we zoom-in on critical PV areas (i.e. products and related technologies), providing a ‘strategic intelligence’ activity which may prove useful for tailoring trade, industrial and innovation policies. Fourth, we explore the relationship between technological specialization and productive capabilities showing that, in the upstream segment, reinforcing the former may help mitigating SDs.

Featured image: Pixabay-on-unsplash

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Protests, Long-term Preferences, and Populism. Evidence from 1968 in Europe. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Andrea Fazio.

October 15, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper shows that higher exposure to protests in 1968 leads to higher dissatisfaction toward national governments and raises the probability of voting for populist parties.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1329, 2023

Protests, Long-term Preferences, and Populism. Evidence from 1968 in Europe – Download PDF
by Fazio, Andrea

GLO Fellow Andrea Fazio

Author Abstract: In 1968, young people grew up in an atmosphere of strong dissatisfaction and distrust against the status quo. We show that higher exposure to protests in 1968 leads to higher dissatisfaction toward national governments and raises the probability of voting for populist parties. Consistently with the impressionable years hypothesis, we find these effects valid only for those aged between 18 and 25 during 1968. Our results are robust to a series of placebo tests and to alternative definitions of our treatment and control groups. We find that our results are driven by individuals with a middle or low level of education. We also find suggestive evidence that the mechanisms driving our results can depend on individuals’ level of education: within our treated cohort people with an elementary level of education appear more attracted by the populist rhetoric, while people with a middle level of education are more likely to care about traditional values.

Featured image: arnaud-jaegers-unsplash

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EBES – GLO Conference Collaborations: Budapest, Rome, Berlin

October 14, 2023Events, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The 45th EBES Conference took place on October 11-13, 2023 in Budapest, Hungary. The conference was hosted by Mathias Corvinus Collegium and organized in Hybrid Mode (online and in-person). GLO & EBES President Klaus F. Zimmermann gave a welcome speech together with Ender Demir (EBES) and Zoltan Csefalvay (Mathias Corvinus Collegium). Zimmermann also chaired the Editors’ Panel Session presenting the two EBES journals Eurasian Economic Review and the Eurasian Business Review next to his own Journal of Population Economics.

EBES 45 Budapest Conference Program

The next conferences were discussed and announced (mark your calendars):

January 10-12, 2024: Rome, Italy. 46th EBES HYBRID conference. Submission deadline November 30, 2023. Call for contributions.
April 18-20, 2024: Berlin, Germany. 47th EBES HYBRID conference. (The first two days will be in person only.) Jointly Organized with GLO and FOM University of Applied Sciences, Berlin. GLO will organize a separate program part with separate registration and paper call. Participants will have access to all program parts of both conferences.

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Temperature exposure and sleep duration: Evidence from time use surveys. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Tamás Hajdu.

October 14, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper shows by scenarios that global warming will substantially decrease sleep duration.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1328, 2023

Temperature exposure and sleep duration: Evidence from time use surveys – Download PDF
by Hajdu, Tamás

GLO Fellow Tamás Hajdu

Author Abstract: The Earth’s climate is projected to warm significantly in the 21st century, and this will affect human societies in many ways. Since sleep is a basic human need and part of everyone’s life, the question of how temperature affects human sleep naturally arises. This paper examines the effect of daily mean temperature on sleep duration using nationally representative Hungarian time use surveys between 1976 and 2010. Compared to a mild temperature (5-10 °C), colder temperatures do not influence sleep duration. However, as daily mean temperatures rise, sleep duration starts to strongly decline. The effect of a hot (>25 °C) day is −12.4 minutes. The estimated sleep loss is especially large on weekends and public holidays, for older individuals, and for men. Combining the estimated effects with temperature projections of twenty-four climate models under four climate change scenarios shows that the warming climate will substantially decrease sleep duration. The projected impacts are especially large when taking into account of the effects of heatwave days. This study also shows that different groups in society are likely to be affected in significantly different ways by a warming climate.

Featured image: jordan-whitt-unsplash

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Overeducation, Performance Pay and Wages: Evidence from Germany. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Affiliate Mehrzad B. Baktash.

October 13, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper shows that overeducation associates with a higher likelihood of sorting into performance pay jobs.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1327, 2023

Overeducation, Performance Pay and Wages: Evidence from Germany – Download PDF
by Baktash, Mehrzad B.

GLO Affiliate Mehrzad B. Baktash

Author Abstract: Overeducated workers are more productive and have higher wages in comparison to their adequately educated coworkers in the same jobs. However, they face a series of challenges in the labor market, including lower wages in comparison to their similarly educated peers who are in correctly matched jobs. Yet, less consensus exists over the adjustment mechanisms to overcome the negative consequences of overeducation. This study examines the hypotheses that overeducated workers sort into performance pay jobs as an adjustment mechanism and that performance pay moderates their wages. Using German Socio-Economic Panel, I show that overeducation associates with a higher likelihood of sorting into performance pay jobs and that performance pay moderates the wages of overeducated workers positively. It also holds in endogenous switching regressions accounting for the potential endogeneity of performance pay. Importantly, the positive role of performance pay is particularly larger for the wages of overeducated women.

Featured image: Jason-Leung-on-unsplash

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Unionised dockworkers and port ownership structure in an international oligopoly. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Nicola Meccheri.

October 12, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper shows that relative to endogenous port ownership structures, state-owned ports appear as the most likely equilibrium result.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1326, 2023

GLO Fellow N icola Meccheri

Unionised dockworkers and port ownership structure in an international oligopoly – Download PDF
by Meccheri, Nicola

Author Abstract: In an international duopoly with two markets and two ports, this paper investigates the role of dockworkers unionisation in affecting welfare outcomes under public and private ports, as well as in determining the endogenous choice by governments of port ownership structure. While private ports maximise profits, public ports maximise domestic welfare and face a budget constraint, which is binding when unions are sufficiently wage-oriented and shipping costs are not too high. Consumer surplus, total wage bill and domestic welfare are generally higher under public ownership, especially when unions are wage-oriented. The opposite holds true for firm profits, whilst privatisation always increases port profits. Moreover, relative to endogenous port ownership structures, state-owned ports appear as the most likely equilibrium result although all possible configurations may arise in equilibrium, including an asymmetric structure with a state-owned port and a private port.

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Can a ban on child labour be self-enforcing? A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Alessandro Cigno.

October 11, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper explains the conditions when the ban is not self-enforcing.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1325, 2023

Can a ban on child labour be self-enforcing? – Download PDF
by Cigno, Alessandro

GLO Fellow Alessandro Cigno

Author Abstract: Basu and Van (1998) show that a ban on child labour may be self-enforcing if, above the subsistence level, no amount of consumption can compensate parents for the disutility of child labour. We show that a partial ban may be self-enforcing, but a total one never is, if education is available, and the disutility of child labour can be compensated by the expected utility of future consumption. If some of the work children do is not observable by the government, a ban may be only apparently self-enforcing, or actually counterproductive. If the government wants to reduce child labour and raise education to the efficient level, it can borrow from the international credit market to subsidize parents, and tax their children’s future wages to pay the loan back with interests.

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Teen Social Interactions and Well-being during the COVID-19 Pandemic. A new GLO Discussion Paper of Charlene Marie Kalenkoski and GLO Fellow Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia.

October 10, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper suggests that socializing and communicating with others improves teens’ well-being over other activities. Thus, teens’ well-being in the USA was severely impacted by the pandemic.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1324, 2023

Teen Social Interactions and Well-being during the COVID-19 Pandemic – Download PDF
by Kalenkoski, Charlene Marie & Wulff Pabilonia, Sabrina

GLO Fellow Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia

Author Abstract: Adolescence is an important developmental period when teens begin spending less time with their parents and more time with friends and others outside their households as they transition into adulthood. Using the 2017-2021 American Time Use Surveys and the 2012, 2013, and 2021 Well-being Modules, we examine how the time teens spent alone and with parents, friends, and others changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, shedding light on how the social isolation of the pandemic disrupted this crucial development period. We also examine how time spent on various activities changed during the pandemic. Teens spent more time alone during the pandemic than before and spent more of their leisure time alone, with large increases in time spent playing computer games, on social media, and watching TV. Results suggest that socializing and communicating with others improves teens’ well-being over other activities. Thus, teens’ well-being was severely impacted by the pandemic.

Featured image: Elijah-Hail-on-Unsplash

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Urbanization and Women Empowerment: Evidence from India. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Punarjit Roychowdhury.

October 9, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper shows for India that urbanization positively affects women’s labor market participation, agency within households, mobility, access to information, and attitudes toward domestic violence (thereby making them more likely to report incidences of violence).

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1323, 2023

Urbanization and Women Empowerment: Evidence from India – Download PDF
by Dhamija, Gaurav & Roychowdhury, Punarjit & Shankar, Binay

GLO Fellow Punarjit Roychowdhury

Author Abstract: The paper examines the short-term implications of urbanization on women empowerment in India. In theory, urbanization can affect women either positively or negatively. Women in urban areas, compared to their rural counterparts, are thought to enjoy greater social, economic, and political opportunities and freedoms. At the same time, research shows barriers to women’s empowerment remain widespread in urban environments. We measure urbanization using satellite-based nighttime light intensity data. Fixed effects estimation results show that urbanization positively affects women’s labor market participation, agency within households, mobility, access to information, and attitudes toward domestic violence (thereby making them more likely to report incidences of violence). However, the effect of urbanization on women’s financial autonomy is negative, and on health is mixed. These results, we show, are robust to unmeasured confounders to a large extent. In light of the rapid urbanization that India is currently experiencing, the importance of these findings cannot be overemphasized. They suggest that while urbanization could go a long way toward economically empowering women in India, the government also needs to devise complementary policies and interventions that could tackle the adverse consequences of urban expansion.

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Learning from the Origins. A new GLO Discussion Paper from GLO Affiliate Alexander Yarkin.

October 8, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper focusing on the international migration network finds that opinion changes at the origins spill over to 1st- and 2nd-generation immigrants abroad.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1322, 2023

Learning from the Origins – Download PDF
by Yarkin, Alexander

GLO Affiliate Alexander Yarkin

Author Abstract: How do political preferences and voting behaviors respond to information coming from abroad? Focusing on the international migration network, I document that opinion changes at the origins spill over to 1st- and 2nd-generation immigrants abroad. Local diasporas, social media, and family ties to the origins facilitate the transmission, while social integration at destination weakens it. Using the variation in the magnitude, timing, and type of origin-country exposure to the European Refugee Crisis of 2015, I show that salient events trigger learning from the origins. Welcoming asylum policies at the origins decrease opposition to non-Europeans and far-right voting abroad. Transitory refugee flows through the origins send abroad the backlash. Data from Google Trends and Facebook suggests elevated attention to events at the origins and communication with like-minded groups as mechanisms. Similar spillovers following the passage of same-sex marriage laws show the phenomenon generalizes beyond refugee attitudes.

Featured image: joshua-hoehne-on-unsplash

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Remote Work, Wages, and Hours Worked in the United States. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellows Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia & Victoria Vernon.

October 7, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper finds for the United States that before the pandemic, remote workers worked substantially longer hours per week than on-site workers, but by 2021, hours worked were similar.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1321, 2023

Remote Work, Wages, and Hours Worked in the United States – Download PDF
by Wulff Pabilonia, Sabrina & Vernon, Victoria

GLO Fellows Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia & Victoria Vernon

Author Abstract: Remote wage employment gradually increased in the United States during the four decades prior to the pandemic, then surged in 2020 due to social distancing policies implemented to stem the spread of COVID-19. Using the 2010-2021 American Community Survey, the authors examine trends in wage and hours differentials for full-time remote workers and office-based workers as well as within occupation differences in wage growth by work location. Throughout the period, remote workers earned higher wages than those working on-site, and the difference increased sharply during the pandemic. Real wages grew 4.4 percent faster for remote workers within detailed occupation groups and remote work intensity was positively associated with wage growth across occupations. Before the pandemic, remote workers worked substantially longer hours per week than on-site workers, but by 2021, hours were similar.

Featured image: The-Coherent-Team-on-Unsplash

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Rural roads infrastructure and women empowerment in India. A new GLO Discussion Paper by Bharti Nandwani and GLO Fellow Punarjit Roychowdhury.

September 15, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper finds that increase in rural roads construction lowers mobility restrictions faced by women and improves norms around domestic violence.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1320, 2023

Rural roads infrastructure and women empowerment in India – Download PDF
by Nandwani, Bharti & Roychowdhury, Punarjit

GLO Fellow Punarjit Roychowdhury

Author Abstract: The paper examines the impact of a rural roads construction program in India on women’s outcomes. While spatial integration can provide women with increased education and employment opportunities, the extent of benefits might be limited by underlying gender norms. We identify the impact of the policy by exploiting the program rule that assigned roads based on the village population. Using a two-way fixed effect methodology, we find that increase in rural roads construction lowers mobility restrictions faced by women and improves norms around domestic violence. However, the result are mixed with respect to participation in other decision making and financial autonomy. Additionally, while we find positive impact on education, there is no impact on employment outcomes for females. We argue that a possible reason for a partial improvement in women outcomes could be gendered impact of the policy – men benefit more in terms of employment than women.

Featured image: Trevor-Cole-on-Unsplash

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Violent Conflict and Parochial Trust: Lab-in-the-Field and Survey Evidence. A new GLO Discussion Paper by Katharina Werner and GLO Fellow Ahmed Skali.

September 14, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper finds that experience with conflict induces parochialism: trust towards out-groups worsens, but trust towards in-groups, owing to positive experiences of kin solidarity, improves.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1319, 2023

Violent Conflict and Parochial Trust: Lab-in-the-Field and Survey Evidence – Download PDF
by Werner, Katharina & Skali, Ahmed

GLO Fellow Ahmed Skali

Author Abstract: How does conflict exposure affect trust? We hypothesize that direct (first-hand) experience with conflict induces parochialism: trust towards out-groups worsens, but trust towards in-groups, owing to positive experiences of kin solidarity, may improve. Indirect exposure to conflict through third-party accounts, on the other hand, reduces trust toward everyone. We find consistent support for our hypotheses in a lab-in-the-field experiment in Maluku, Indonesia, which witnessed a salient Christian-Muslim conflict during 1999-2002, as well as in three cross-country datasets exploiting temporal and spatial variation in exposure to violence. Our results help resolve a seeming contradiction in the literature and inform policies on resolving conflicts.

Featured image: chris-sabor-unsplash

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Convergence in total greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellows Ignacio Belloc & José Alberto Molina.

September 13, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds that income level, urbanization, natural resources dependency, renewables energy consumption, trade openness, and corruption level all matter.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1318, 2023

Convergence in total greenhouse gas emissions worldwide – Download PDF
by Belloc, Ignacio & Molina, José Alberto

GLO Fellows Ignacio Belloc & José Alberto Molina

Author Abstract: This paper examines convergence patterns in total greenhouse gas emissions across 114 countries from 1990 to 2019. Prior research has largely focused on one representative greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide emissions, but our goal is to broaden the study. We use the club convergence test to contrast the null hypothesis of convergence for a pool of data and identify subgroups of convergence. The results reveal different clubs according to the air pollutant considered, indicating the importance of considering a range of air pollutants in convergence analyses. We also explore the main determinants of the observed convergence patterns and estimate various ordinal models. We find that income level, urbanization, natural resources dependency, renewables energy consumption, trade openness, and corruption level all contribute to explain these different patterns. Our determinant analyses especially note the importance of institutional quality. The results are important in reformulating current environmental policies, which are mostly based on the hypothesis of overall convergence, according to the different convergence clubs detected.

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Are Managers More Machiavellian Than Other Employees? A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Affiliate Mehrzad B. Baktash & GLO Fellow Uwe Jirjahn.

September 12, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper confirms a strong and positive relationship between Machiavellianism and occupying a managerial position.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1317, 2023

Are Managers More Machiavellian Than Other Employees? – Download PDF
by Baktash, Mehrzad B. & Jirjahn, Uwe

GLO Affiliate Mehrzad B. Baktash & GLO Fellow Uwe Jirjahn

Author Abstract: Concerns about corporate scandals and abusive leadership suggest that individuals with an opportunistic and manipulative personality take advantage of incomplete incentive and control systems to get their way into managerial positions. Against this background, we examine whether there is an association between Machiavellianism and occupying a managerial position. We suggest how to incorporate the psychological concept of Machiavellianism into agency theory and hypothesize that individuals scoring high on Machiavellianism are more likely to attain and keep a managerial position. Using a large and representative panel dataset from Germany, our empirical analysis confirms a strong and positive relationship between Machiavellianism and occupying a managerial position. This result holds in various robustness checks and in instrumental variable estimations accounting for possible endogeneity. Furthermore, our analysis provides evidence that the relationship is monotone; i.e., those with the highest scores of Machiavellianism are most likely to be managers. It also suggests that the direction of influence runs from Machiavellianism to occupational status and not vice versa.

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The causal impact of mental health on tobacco and alcohol consumption: An instrumental variables approach. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellows Ha Nguyen & Huong Le and colleagues.

September 11, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds that mental health morbidity causally leads to addictive behaviors.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1316, 2023

The causal impact of mental health on tobacco and alcohol consumption: An instrumental variables approach – Download PDF
by Mitrou, Francis & Nguyen, Ha Trong & Le, Huong Thu & Zubrick, Stephen R.

GLO Fellows Ha Nguyen & Huong Le

Author Abstract: The reciprocal relationship between psychiatric and substance use disorders is well-known, yet it remains largely unknown whether mental health morbidity causally leads to addictive behaviours. This paper utilises a fixed effects instrumental variables model, which is identified by time-varying sources of plausibly exogenous variations in mental health, and a nationally representative panel dataset from Australia to present robust evidence on the causal impact of mental distress on cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking behaviours. We find that mental distress significantly increases the prevalence and intensity of either cigarette or alcohol consumption. Further analysis reveals that mental distress also substantially increases household monetary expenditures on either tobacco or alcohol. The impact is greater for lower educated individuals or children of smokers, and is slightly higher for males. Our findings highlight the importance of mental health screening and treatment programs, especially among lower educated individuals or children of smokers, to assist in the prevention of addictive activities.

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Women’s Education, Marriage, and Fertility Outcomes: Evidence from Thailand’s Compulsory Schooling Law. A new GLO Discussion Paper by Pasita Chaijaroen and GLO Fellow Pallavi Panda.

September 2, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds that the extension of compulsory education lead to a consistent drop in the probability of marriage and cumulative births for Muslim women.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1314, 2023

Women’s Education, Marriage, and Fertility Outcomes: Evidence from Thailand’s Compulsory Schooling Law – Download PDF
by Chaijaroen, Pasita & Panda, Pallavi

GLO Fellow Pallavi Panda

Author Abstract: Increased education affects market and non-market outcomes. This paper investigates the causal impact of the extension of compulsory education from 6 to 9 years on females’ education, marriage, and fertility outcomes in Thailand. Using data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) and a donut-hole Regression Discontinuity (RD) design, we show that the new law increases lower secondary school completion in girls, leading to decreased probabilities of giving birth in the school-age years (14-17 years). The policy primarily affects the marginal child leading to the postponement of the timing of their fertility to after-school years. We also document heterogeneity and show that the fertility effects are stronger for Muslim women. The policy leads to a consistent drop in the probability of marriage and cumulative births for Muslim women, which sustain beyond the completion of schooling years. The results hold with alternative empirical model specifications and falsification tests.

Journal of Population Economics (JOPE)
JOPE (2022): CiteScore 9.2 (LINK) & Impact Factor 6.1; 524 K Downloads

JUST PUBLISHED
Vol. 36, Issue 3, July 2023: 26 articles on: Aspirations and preferences; Environment, Weather, Climate; Family; Fertility; Historical demography; Ageing, pensions, social security; Migration
ONLINE FIRST: 29 articles forthcoming in Volume 36, Issue 4, 2023.

CALL FOR PAPERS
JOPE invites paper submissions for the following collections:
– Abortions
– Covid-19 and diseases
– Lifecycle fertility models
– Sexual and domestic violence
– Sexuality including LGBT issues
– Statistics & measurement of population economics
For more details and for examples of already published papers in these collections see:
https://glabor.org/collections-journal-of-population-economics-invites-paper-submissions-in-six-research-areas/
https://link.springer.com/journal/148/collections
JOPE Collections are a set of published papers on issues of significant relevance for the journal. Authors are continuously invited to submit their related work for evaluation stating their specific interest to contribute in the submission cover letter. JOPE Editors will treat those submissions with particular interest and speedy handling. Articles will be immediately published after final acceptance.

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The Alabaster Ceiling: The Gender Legacy of the Papal States. A new GLO Discussion Paper by Elona Harka and GLO Fellows Luca Nunziata & Lorenzo Rocco.

September 1, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds that municipalities once governed by the Papacy have lower female labor market participation and employment than their counterparts.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1315, 2023

The Alabaster Ceiling: The Gender Legacy of the Papal States – Download PDF
by Harka, Elona & Nunziata, Luca & Rocco, Lorenzo

GLO Fellows Luca Nunziata & Lorenzo Rocco

Author Abstract: We examine the gender legacy of past institutions by comparing Italian municipalities located in a narrow band across the borders between the former Papal States on the one hand, and the former Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the Duchy of Modena on the other. Our results show that a century after the dissolution of these pre-unification states, the municipalities once governed by the Papacy have lower female labor market participation and employment than their counterparts in Tuscany and Modena, while we find no discontinuity for males. We interpret these findings as the lingering effects of a deep-rooted conservatism that characterized the Papal States relative to the other preunification states, as confirmed by the analysis of the incidence of religious marriages, and voting patterns for a confessional political party and in two referenda on divorce and abortion rights. Our results also suggest that such a legacy is not permanent, although it takes centuries to dissipate.

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The Impact of the Transition and EU Membership on the Returns to Schooling in Europe. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Harry Patrinos and Angelica Rivera-Olvera.

August 23, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds that the transition from a centrally planned economy to a market economy increases the returns to schooling in post-socialist countries positively and significantly, especially through the EU accession channel.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1312, 2023

The Impact of the Transition and EU Membership on the Returns to Schooling in Europe – Download PDF
by Patrinos, Harry Anthony & Rivera-Olvera, Angelica

GLO Fellow Harry Patrinos

Author Abstract: Countries across Eastern Europe and Central Asia are in their third decade of independence. What impact does this have on the skills premium and does accession to the European Union have an impact on the returns to education? The returns to education in 28 transition and 20 non-transition countries in Europe and Central Asia are analyzed using panel data analysis and difference-in-difference methods to estimate the impact of transition and EU accession. It is found that the transition from a centrally planned economy to a market economy increases the returns to schooling in post-socialist countries positively and significantly, especially through the EU accession channel.

Journal of Population Economics (JOPE)
JOPE (2022): CiteScore 9.2 (LINK) & Impact Factor 6.1; 524 K Downloads

JUST PUBLISHED
Vol. 36, Issue 3, July 2023: 26 articles on: Aspirations and preferences; Environment, Weather, Climate; Family; Fertility; Historical demography; Ageing, pensions, social security; Migration
ONLINE FIRST: 28 articles forthcoming in Volume 36, Issue 4, 2023.

CALL FOR PAPERS
JOPE invites paper submissions for the following collections:
– Abortions
– Covid-19 and diseases
– Lifecycle fertility models
– Sexual and domestic violence
– Sexuality including LGBT issues
– Statistics & measurement of population economics
For more details and for examples of already published papers in these collections see:
https://glabor.org/collections-journal-of-population-economics-invites-paper-submissions-in-six-research-areas/
https://link.springer.com/journal/148/collections
JOPE Collections are a set of published papers on issues of significant relevance for the journal. Authors are continuously invited to submit their related work for evaluation stating their specific interest to contribute in the submission cover letter. JOPE Editors will treat those submissions with particular interest and speedy handling. Articles will be immediately published after final acceptance.

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Is Self-Employment for Migrants? Evidence from Italy. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellows Marianna Brunetti & Anzelika Zaiceva.

August 22, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds that migrants in Italy are less likely in self-employment than natives.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1313, 2023

Is Self-Employment for Migrants? Evidence from Italy – Download PDF
by Brunetti, Marianna & Zaiceva, Anzelika

GLO Fellows Marianna Brunetti & Anzelika Zaiceva

Author Abstract: Using a unique Italian dataset covering the period 2004-2020, we assess the immigrant-native gap in entrepreneurship and investigate channels behind it. The data allows us to account for many observable characteristics as well as for risk aversion, which is usually not observed, yet crucial for the self-employment decision. Unlike most of the existing empirical literature, we find that immigrants in Italy are less likely to be self-employed. The negative gap is confirmed when propensity score matching methodology is used. Heterogeneity analysis suggests that the negative gap is larger for men, for economic migrants and those coming from Sub-Saharan Africa, while it is not significant for mixed immigrant-native couples, for highly skilled, and for migrants from Asia and Oceania. The largest gap is found for those working in the agricultural sector. Regarding additional channels, we explore the role of access to credit, including the informal one, and whether migrants are credit constrained, as well as the importance of migrant networks, easiness of doing business, and expenditures on services for migrants. Despite finding significant correlations between self-employment and some of these factors, none of them seem to decrease the magnitude of the negative gap.

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Journal of Population Economics (JOPE)
JOPE (2022): CiteScore 9.2 (LINK) & Impact Factor 6.1; 524 K Downloads

JUST PUBLISHED
Vol. 36, Issue 3, July 2023: 26 articles on: Aspirations and preferences; Environment, Weather, Climate; Family; Fertility; Historical demography; Ageing, pensions, social security; Migration
ONLINE FIRST: 28 articles forthcoming in Volume 36, Issue 4, 2023.

CALL FOR PAPERS
JOPE invites paper submissions for the following collections:
– Abortions
– Covid-19 and diseases
– Lifecycle fertility models
– Sexual and domestic violence
– Sexuality including LGBT issues
– Statistics & measurement of population economics
For more details and for examples of already published papers in these collections see:
https://glabor.org/collections-journal-of-population-economics-invites-paper-submissions-in-six-research-areas/
https://link.springer.com/journal/148/collections
JOPE Collections are a set of published papers on issues of significant relevance for the journal. Authors are continuously invited to submit their related work for evaluation stating their specific interest to contribute in the submission cover letter. JOPE Editors will treat those submissions with particular interest and speedy handling. Articles will be immediately published after final acceptance.

Ends;

An Indian Enigma? Labour Market Impacts of the World’s Largest Livelihoods Program. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Ashwini Deshpande & colleagues.

August 17, 2023Discussion Paper, Highlight, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds that mobilizing rural women into self-help groups lead to a rise of self-employment and a crowd-out of casual work among the employed.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1311, 2023

An Indian Enigma? Labour Market Impacts of the World’s Largest Livelihoods Program – Download PDF
by Deshpande, Ashwini & Khanna, Shantanu & Walia, Daksh

GLO Fellow Ashwini Deshpande

Author Abstract: We examine the labour market impacts of the largest livelihoods programs in the world, India’s Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana- National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM). A key aspect of this program is to mobilize rural women into self-help groups (SHGs). We combine administrative data on SHG membership across districts in India with survey micro-data on labour force and employment outcomes of rural women between 2011 and 2019. Using a generalized difference-in-differences approach, we find that SHG membership is positively associated with labor force participation and employment of rural women. We also find evidence that SHG membership is associated with a shift towards self-employment and a crowd-out of casual work among the employed. Our supplementary analysis based on large primary survey data from Maharashtra allows us to examine the relationship between SHG membership and economic activity at the individual level. This confirms our main results of a positive association between SHG membership and economic activity. Further, we show that longer duration of SHG membership is associated with higher participation rates.

Journal of Population Economics (JOPE)
JOPE has CiteScore 9.2 (2022, LINK) & Impact Factor 6.1 (2022); 524 K Downloads (2022)

JUST PUBLISHED
Vol. 36, Issue 3, July 2023: 26 articles on: Aspirations and preferences; Environment, Weather, Climate; Family; Fertility; Historical demography; Ageing, pensions, social security; Migration
ONLINE FIRST: 26 articles forthcoming in Volume 36, Issue 4, 2023.

CALL FOR PAPERS
JOPE invites paper submissions for the following collections:
– Abortions
– Covid-19 and diseases
– Lifecycle fertility models
– Sexual and domestic violence
– Sexuality including LGBT issues
– Statistics & measurement of population economics
For more details and for examples of already published papers in these collections see:
https://glabor.org/collections-journal-of-population-economics-invites-paper-submissions-in-six-research-areas/
https://link.springer.com/journal/148/collections
JOPE Collections are a set of published papers on issues of significant relevance for the journal. Authors are continuously invited to submit their related work for evaluation stating their specific interest to contribute in the submission cover letter. JOPE Editors will treat those submissions with particular interest and speedy handling. Articles will be immediately published after final acceptance.

Ends;

The Impact of the Transition and EU Membership on the Returns to Schooling in Europe. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Harry Patrinos and Angelica Rivera-Olvera.

August 16, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds that the transition from a centrally planned economy to a market economy increased the returns to schooling in post-socialist countries positively and significantly, especially through the EU accession channel.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1312, 2023

The Impact of the Transition and EU Membership on the Returns to Schooling in Europe – Download PDF
by Patrinos, Harry Anthony & Rivera-Olvera, Angelica

GLO Fellow Harry Patrinos

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Do Primary Healthcare Facilities in More Remote Areas Provide More Medical Services? Spatial Evidence from Rural Western China. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Xi Chen and colleagues.

August 15, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds that township healthcare centers located in more remote areas provided more medical services, especially outpatient services.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1309, 2023

Do Primary Healthcare Facilities in More Remote Areas Provide More Medical Services? Spatial Evidence from Rural Western China – Download PDF
by Shen, Chi & Lai, Sha & Deng, Qiwei & Cao, Dan & Zhao, Dantong & Zhao, Yaxin & Zhou, Zhongliang & Dong, Wanyue & Chen, Xi

GLO Fellow Xi Chen & Editor of the Journal of Population Economics.

Author Abstract: Primary healthcare institutions (PHIs) in China have experienced a sizable decline in medical services in recent years. Despite the large regional disparities in China, there is a lack of evidence on the differential patterns of medical services offered by PHIs, especially from a spatial perspective. This study examines whether residents in more remote areas use more medical services offered by township healthcare centers (THCs), a main type of PHIs. Linking medical visits to 923 THCs in a western Chinese province in 2020 with the driving time and geographic coordinates from the Gaode map, a leading map navigation provider in China, we applied a multilevel linear model and a geographically weighted regression to examine spatial heterogeneity in medical service utilization. We showed that a one-hour increase in the shortest driving time between THCs and the local county hospitals was associated with an average 6% increase in THCs outpatient visits and a 0.6% increase in THCs inpatient visits. Our findings suggest that THCs located in more remote areas provided more medical services, especially outpatient services.

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The Finance-Dominated Accumulation Regime & the Future of Work in the Post-COVID World. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Giorgos Gouzoulis & Engelbert Stockhammer.

August 14, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

Since COVID has induced a steep rise in household and corporate indebtedness, the purpose of the new GLO Discussion Paper is to explore how the acceleration of financialisation will impact the future of work.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1310, 2023

The Finance-Dominated Accumulation Regime & the Future of Work in the Post-COVID World – Download PDF
by Gouzoulis, Giorgos & Stockhammer, Engelbert

GLO Fellow Giorgos Gouzoulis

Author Abstract: This paper examines the relationship between financialisation and the future of work in the post-COVID era. It combines an analysis of changes in labour relations due to financialization with an analysis of the macroeconomic impact of financialisation. It will discuss these for the periods before and after the financial crisis and analyse the impact of COVID on labour relations and the growth model in this context. The first section discusses the relationship between the employer-employee distribution of income and economic growth under neoliberalism, highlighting that anaemic growth was largely the outcome of declining wages. A significant amount of declining wages has been associated with the rise of shareholder value orientation which induced the management of non-financial corporations to reduce labour costs. Yet, financialisation is a complex development that has been affecting other domains of the economies beyond the non-financial corporate sector. A notable case is the financialisation of households, and more specifically the financialisation of the housing market. Rapidly rising mortgage debt ratios, driven by rising house prices, generated a debt-fueled real estate bubble in most advanced economies. The effects of rising household indebtedness not only positively affect housing prices, but also exhibits significant effects on class dynamics and has led to several changes at the workplace level. On the one hand, high-income employees who have invested in the real estate market enjoy economic returns and their share of financial incomes and capital gains over their wage income increases steadily. Thus, their class identity transforms from working class to a form of mini-rentier. On the other hand, low-income employees who become indebted become more self-disciplined at the workplace on the fear of defaulting on their debt, which makes them more vulnerable to complying with wage cuts and working under flexible contracts. Since COVID has induced a steep rise in household and corporate indebtedness, the purpose of this paper is to explore how the acceleration of financialisation will impact the future of work in the post-COVID era and discusses potential implications.

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Journal of Population Economics (JOPE)
JOPE has CiteScore 9.2 (2022, LINK) & Impact Factor 6.1 (2022); 524 K Downloads (2022)

JUST PUBLISHED
Vol. 36, Issue 3, July 2023: 26 articles on: Aspirations and preferences; Environment, Weather, Climate; Family; Fertility; Historical demography; Ageing, pensions, social security; Migration
ONLINE FIRST: 27 articles forthcoming in Volume 36, Issue 4, 2023.

CALL FOR PAPERS
JOPE invites paper submissions for the following collections:
– Abortions
– Covid-19 and diseases
– Lifecycle fertility models
– Sexual and domestic violence
– Sexuality including LGBT issues
– Statistics & measurement of population economics
For more details and for examples of already published papers in these collections see:
https://glabor.org/collections-journal-of-population-economics-invites-paper-submissions-in-six-research-areas/
https://link.springer.com/journal/148/collections
JOPE Collections are a set of published papers on issues of significant relevance for the journal. Authors are continuously invited to submit their related work for evaluation stating their specific interest to contribute in the submission cover letter. JOPE Editors will treat those submissions with particular interest and speedy handling. Articles will be immediately published after final acceptance.

Ends;

Remittances and Vaccine Hesitancy in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellows Faisal Abbas, James Bang & Aniruddha Mitra.

August 11, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds that access to remittances increases the likelihood of vaccinating boys, but not girls.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1308, 2023

Remittances and Vaccine Hesitancy in the Punjab Province of Pakistan – Download PDF
by Abbas, Faisal & Bang, James T. & Mitra, Aniruddha

GLO Fellows Faisal Abbas, James Bang & A niruddha Mitra

Author Abstract: Pakistan is one of only three countries that have failed to stop the transmission of poliovirus and experienced a surge of polio paralysis in 2019. Meanwhile, misconceptions persist about the safety and efficacy of vaccines in Pakistan and elsewhere. Our study investigates the effect of remittances on the likelihood a household vaccinate its children against polio and measles/mumps/rubella (MMR). Based on data from a Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey conducted in Punjab in 2014, we isolate the effect of receiving remittances using distance and exact matching. We find that access to remittances increases the likelihood of vaccinating male children against polio by about 11 percentage points and against MMR by about 12.5 percentage points. Unfortunately, remittances do not significantly improve vaccinations of girls. The results imply that vaccination campaigns – including campaigns to vaccinate against SARS-CoV-2 – should focus on communities without migration experience and vaccinating girls.

Featured image: Markus-Spiske-unsplash

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Commuting in dual-earner households: International Gender Differences with Time Use Surveys. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellows Lucia Echeverria, José Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal & José Alberto Molina.

August 10, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds that the number of children is significantly related to shorter commuting times for female workers in all countries, with no associations found for their male counterparts.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1307, 2023

Commuting in dual-earner households: International Gender Differences with Time Use Surveys – Download PDF
by Echeverría, Lucía & Gimenez-Nadal, J. Ignacio & Molina, José Alberto

GLO Fellows Lucia Echeverria, José Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal & José Alberto Molina

Author Abstract: Prior literature analyzing gender differences in commuting has reported that men commute longer distance/time than do women, and one explanation for this gender gap is based on household responsibilities falling on women. But most of the literature examining gender differences in commuting has not considered the interdependence that exists between the members of couples. We analyze gender differences in commuting time for a sample of dual-earner couples living in Spain, Italy, South Korea, and the United Kingdom, taking into account the inter-relatedness of decisions within couples. We estimate Ordinary Least Squares equations for men and women on commuting time and mode of transport (private, public, and active transport) including own characteristics as well as spouse attributes and commuting choices. Results indicate that the number of children is significantly related to shorter commuting times for female workers in all countries, with no associations found for their male counterparts. In addition, having children is associated with changes in the commuting mode choice of women in Italy, Korea and the UK, but no associations are found for men. Our evidence indicates that, while the presence of children is related to commuting behavior of women, it is not the case for men. Furthermore, we find that couples’ decisions on commuting are complementary, which may shed light on their relationship that should be addressed by theoretical models.

Featured image: dainis-graveris-unsplash

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International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples: Findings for the USA about chronic distress by Blanchflower & Feir in the Journal of Population Economics.

August 9, 2023Article, Highlight, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

August 9 is International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples. A recently published paper in the Journal of Population Economics demonstrates that levels of consistently poor mental health were higher among Native American peoples than among White or Black Americans in every year between 1993 and 2020, and these levels have been rising.

Blanchflower, D.G., Feir, D.L.: Native Americans’ experience of chronic distress in the USA. Journal of Population Economics 36, 885–909 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-022-00910-4 — Free Readlink: https://rdcu.be/c3NqP

GLO Fellows Danny G. Blanchflower and Donn. L. Feir
Video of Blanchflower paper presentation during the JOPE Spring Conference 2023.

The Journal of Population Economics has CiteScore 9.2 (MORE Info) & Impact Factor 6.1.

Reference: statista

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Does Performance Pay Increase the Risk of Marital Instability? A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Affiliate Mehrzad B. Baktash & GLO Fellows John Heywood & Uwe Jirjahn.

August 9, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds among German couples a positive association between performance pay and the probability of separation or divorce only for for wives.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1305, 2023

Does Performance Pay Increase the Risk of Marital Instability? – Download PDF
by Baktash, Mehrzad B. & Heywood, John S. & Jirjahn, Uwe

GLO Affiliate Mehrzad B. Baktash & GLO Fellows John Heywood & Uwe Jirjahn

Author Abstract: This paper uses German survey data on married couples to examine the association of performance pay at work and subsequent separation or divorce. Despite extensive controls, performance pay remains associated with an increased probability of separation or divorce. Yet, the results are entirely gender specific. When husbands earn performance pay, no association with marital instability is found. When wives earn performance pay, the association is large and robust. This pattern persists across a variety of modeling choices and attempts to account for endogeneity. We argue that the pattern fits theoretical expectations and discuss the implications.

Featured image: Jason-Leung-on-unsplash

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Crossing Boundaries and Time: An Exploration of Time Allocation, Emotional Well-Being of Immigrants in the United States. A new GLO Discussion Paper by Raffaele Lagravinese and GLO Fellows Nicola Daniele Coniglio & Rezart Hoxhaj.

August 8, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds that immigrants engage in less happy, more stressful, and less meaningful activities compared to natives, but when considering subjective emotional assessments, immigrants are more optimistic and perceive these activities as associated with higher levels of happiness and meaningfulness.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1306, 2023

Crossing Boundaries and Time: An Exploration of Time Allocation, Emotional Well-Being of Immigrants in the United States – Download PDF
by Coniglio, Nicola Daniele & Hoxhaj, Rezart & Lagravinese, Raffaele

GLO Fellows Nicola Daniele Coniglio & Rezart Hoxhaj

Author Abstract: This study investigates the emotional experiences of immigrants and native- born individuals in the United States, exploring the relationship between daily activities and feelings of happiness, stress, and meaningfulness. We analyze the entire range of daily activities and their durations, utilizing data from the American Time-Use Survey (ATUS) Well-Being modules. The results reveal that when viewed through the evaluation lenses of the general US population, immigrants engage in less happy, more stressful, and less meaningful activities compared to natives. However, when considering subjective emotional assessments, immigrants are more optimistic and perceive these activities as associated with higher levels of happiness and meaningfulness. The study also finds evidence of emotional assimilation over time, with happiness disparities between immigrants and natives diminishing. However, this process appears incomplete for second-generation immigrants. The findings highlights the im- portance of recognizing the different perspectives of immigrants to formulate inclusive policies that facilitate integration.

Featured image: Elijah-Hail-on-Unsplash

Ends;

From Perception to Action: The Influence of Distrust in Government on Panic Buying in the COVID-19 Era. A new GLO Discussion paper by GLO Affiliate Emre Sari.

August 3, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds a strong positive association between the perceived adequacy of government protective measures and panic buying behavior.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1304, 2023

From Perception to Action: The Influence of Distrust in Government on Panic Buying in the COVID-19 Era – Download PDF
by Sari, Emre

GLO Affiliate Emre Sari

Author Abstract: This research explores the complex dynamics of panic buying during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a comprehensive cross-sectional dataset from an online survey conducted in T¨urkiye, I employ the control function approach to examine the psychological and societal effects of the pandemic. The results show a strong positive association between the perceived adequacy of government protective measures and panic buying behavior. Moreover, the study uncovers the mediating role of individual anxiety levels in this association, highlighting the complexity of this behavior. These findings underscore the need to consider psychological components when developing crisis management strategies, particularly in health emergencies.

Featured image: Adli-Wahid-on-Unsplash

Journal of Population Economics (JOPE)
JOPE has CiteScore 9.2 (2022, LINK) & Impact Factor 6.1 (2022)

JUST PUBLISHED
Vol. 36, Issue 3, July 2023: 26 articles on: Aspirations and preferences; Environment, Weather, Climate; Family; Fertility; Historical demography; Ageing, pensions, social security; Migration
https://link.springer.com/journal/148/volumes-and-issues/36-3

CALL FOR PAPERS
JOPE invites paper submissions for the following collections:
– Abortions
– Covid-19 and diseases
– Lifecycle fertility models
– Sexual and domestic violence
– Sexuality including LGBT issues
– Statistics & measurement of population economics
For more details and for examples of already published papers in these collections see:
https://glabor.org/collections-journal-of-population-economics-invites-paper-submissions-in-six-research-areas/
https://link.springer.com/journal/148/collections
JOPE Collections are a set of published papers on issues of significant relevance for the journal. Authors are continuously invited to submit their related work for evaluation stating their specific interest to contribute in the submission cover letter. JOPE Editors will treat those submissions with particular interest and speedy handling. Articles will be immediately published after final acceptance.

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Is There An Income-Happiness Puzzle in China? A National Survey, 2003-2021. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Jinyang Yang.

August 2, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds that relative income does not have a significant impact on individual happiness.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1303, 2023

Is There An Income-Happiness Puzzle in China? A National Survey, 2003-2021 – Download PDF
by Yang, Jinyang

GLO Fellow Jinyang Yang

Author Abstract: This study investigates the income-happiness puzzle in China by examining the trends in happiness and economic growth over the past two decades. It is the first long-term study in China to utilize a consistent national representative survey in the new century. Using data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) waves 2003-2021, the study reveals a substantial increase in average happiness alongside steady income growth. Income growth contributes to approximately 40% of rural residents’ happiness improvement and 25% of that of urban residents during this period. I find the effect of income is positive and robust when examined using both regional aggregate data and individual data. Furthermore, the study finds that the effect of relative income, measured by local average income, does not have a significant impact on individual happiness. The research also highlights the persistent urban-rural happiness gap and explores the distinct happiness-age curves observed between urban and rural residents.

Featured image: Elijah-Hail-on-Unsplash

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Air Pollution and Mortality Impacts of Coal Mining: Evidence from Coalmine Accidents in China. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Yun Qiu and colleagues.

August 1, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds significant decreases in respiratory mortality after suspending coal mining with particularly large effects on vulnerable populations.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1302, 2023

Air Pollution and Mortality Impacts of Coal Mining: Evidence from Coalmine Accidents in China – Download PDF
by Chu, Yin & Holladay, J. Scott & Qiu, Yun & Tian, Xian-Liang & Zhou, Maigeng

GLO Fellow Yun Qiu

Author Abstract: We leverage the timing of coalmine accidents to examine the effect of coal mining on air pollution. Safety regulations mandate that coal mining be suspended if a mine experiences an accident with 10 or more fatalities. We use a stacked difference-in-differences approach to compare counties with an accident to those experiencing an accident more than two years earlier or later. We provide evidence that the timing of accidents cannot be predicted. Next, we combine satellite-based air pollution data at the county-day level with the dates of accidents to show that on average, suspending coal mining reduces local air pollution by 8%. Changes in the level of coal consumption do not drive this reduction. We also find significant decreases in respiratory mortality after suspending coal mining with particularly large effects on vulnerable populations.

Featured image: Ella-Ivanescu-on-Unsplash

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In utero shocks and health at birth: The distorting effect of fetal losses. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Tamás Hajdu.

July 31, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper shows that the results of the standard empirical approach are biased.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1301, 2023

In utero shocks and health at birth: The distorting effect of fetal losses – Download PDF
by Hajdu, Tamás

GLO Fellow Tamás Hajdu

Author Abstract: Research on the effect of in utero shocks on health at birth may be influenced by in utero selection. This study outlines a conceptual framework and shows that the results of the standard empirical approach are biased if (i) the exposure changes the probability of fetal death and (ii) health differences exist between deceased and surviving fetuses. Furthermore, an empirical example is provided to illustrate, the potential importance of fetal selection. Examining the impact of heat on birth weight, I find that accounting for fetal selection substantially increases the heat effect compared to the standard approach. These results suggest that incorporating the distorting effect of fetal losses into the estimations may be critical in some cases to provide more informed guidance for public policy.

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Diluted blood still better than water? The beneficial effects of politicians’ birthplaces on refugee acceptance. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Hai-Anh Dang and Trong-Anh Trinh.

July 28, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds that countries with higher shares of foreign-born politicians have higher recognition rates and offer more aid to refugees.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1300, 2023

Diluted blood still better than water? The beneficial effects of politicians’ birthplaces on refugee acceptance – Download PDF
by Dang, Hai-Anh H. & Trinh, Trong-Anh

GLO Fellow Hai-Anh Dang

Author Abstract: In parliamentary systems, elected representatives often have power to direct resources to their preferred areas. Foreign-born politicians, those who were born in countries other than the country where they hold policymaking positions, may exhibit a strong preference for refugees. We provide the first empirical evidence on the relationship between politicians’ birthplaces and refugee acceptance. Employing an instrumental variable approach to analyze a newly-constructed panel data set comprising 17 destination countries in the OECD during 2002-2019, we find that countries with higher shares of foreign-born politicians have higher recognition rates and offer more aid to refugees. Our findings remain robust for different outcome variables, model specifications, and birthplaces’ income levels. Some evidence also suggests that countries with more foreign-born politicians affiliated with left-wing parties tend to show more favouritism toward refugees. Finally, we find that favourable asylum policy and positive public opinion are possible explanations for increased acceptance of refugees.

Featured image: ed-leszczynskl-unsplash

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Pathways to Better Health? Assessing the Impact of Ethiopian Community-Based Health Insurance on Children Health Outcomes. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Lorenzo Rocco and colleagues.

July 27, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper shows that it matters and how.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1299, 2023

Pathways to Better Health? Assessing the Impact of Ethiopian Community-Based Health Insurance on Children Health Outcomes – Download PDF
by Anteneh, Zecharias & Celidoni, Martina & Rocco, Lorenzo

GLO Fellow Lorenzo Rocco

Author Abstract: Publicly financed Community Based-Health Insurance (CBHI) schemes are typically implemented in developing countries to foster healthcare utilization and improve health outcomes among low-income households. Using the Demographic and Health Survey from 2005 to 2016, we estimate the effects of the Ethiopian CBHI on children’s health. Difference-in-differences estimates show that CBHI reduced mortality and the probability of being underweight among children under five. We also find that CBHI significantly reduces wasting, a measure of short-term nutritional deficiency or health conditions, but not stunting, known to be an indicator of long-term chronic malnutrition. Potential mechanisms underlying our results are improved maternal health, access to health care, nutrition and a reduced risk of poverty.

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Call for contributions: 45th EBES Conference – Budapest/Hungary October 11-13, 2023. Abstract deadline: September 17, 2023.

July 25, 2023Events, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The 45th EBES Conference – Budapest will take place on October 11th,12th, and 13th, 2023 in Budapest, Hungary. The conference will be hosted by Mathias Corvinus Collegium with the support of the Istanbul Economic Research Association and organized in Hybrid Mode (online and in-person).

Interested researchers from around the world are cordially invited to submit their abstracts or papers for presentation considerations.

Deadline for Abstract/Paper Submission is September 17, 2023.

EBES Executive Board

Abstract/Paper Submission

Authors are invited to submit their abstracts or papers no later than September 17, 2023.

For submission, please visit https://ebesweb.org/45th-ebes-conference-budapest/budapest-abstract-submission/ no submission fee is required.

General inquiries regarding the call for papers should be directed to ebes@ebesweb.org

Publication Opportunities

Important Dates

Conference Date: October 11-13, 2023
Extended Abstract Submission Deadline: September 17, 2023
Reply-by: Shortly after September 17, 2023*
Registration Deadline: September 21, 2023
Submission of the Virtual Presentation: September 21, 2023
Announcement of the Program: September 26, 2023
Paper Submission Deadline (Optional): September 21, 2023**
Paper Submission for the EBES journals: December 9, 2023

* The decision regarding the acceptance/rejection of each abstract/paper will be communicated with the corresponding author within a week of submission.

** Completed paper submission is optional. If you want to be considered for the Best Paper Award or your full paper to be included in the conference proceedings in the USB, after submitting your abstract before September 9, 2023, you must also submit your completed (full) paper by September 21, 2023.

Contact

Ugur Can, Director of EBES (ebes@ebesweb.org)
Dr. Ender Demir, Conference Coordinator of EBES (demir@ebesweb.org)

Conference LINK

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Identity assimilation: Impact of conflict and partition on the giving behaviors of refugees and natives in West Bengal. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellows Debayan Pakrashi & Sarani Saha and colleagues.

July 24, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper shows that it matters and how.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1297, 2023

Identity assimilation: Impact of conflict and partition on the giving behaviors of refugees and natives in West Bengal – Download PDF
by Bhattacharya, Nilanjan & Pakrashi, Debayan & Saha, Sarani & Wang, Liang C.

GLO Fellows Debayan Pakrashi & Sarani Saha

Author Abstract: In regions affected by conflicts, partition, and violence, how does past exposure to such incidences affect attitudes towards members of different social groups? Drawing on the theory of inequity aversion model, we infer that past exposure to conflict and violence can increase an individual’s ability to empathize with the ingroup(s) and discriminate against the outgroup(s). We test this hypothesis by conducting a money-giving dictator game and a money-taking dictator game among 794 Hindu Bengali individuals from an Indian-native-born background and an East-Pakistan-refugee background residing in the state of West Bengal in India. Our objective is to study the dominant social identity and identity assimilation of individuals with multiple social affiliations. We find that participants from both native and refugee backgrounds show favoritism towards other Hindus in India by giving them money taken away from Muslims in India, Hindus in Bangladesh, and Muslims in Bangladesh. The favoritism towards other Hindus in India indicates that they are treated as the social ingroup, while the discrimination against the other groups indicates that they are treated as the social outgroups. Participants from refugee families discriminate against Muslims in India more than Hindus in Bangladesh, while participants from native families discriminate against Hindus in Bangladesh more than Muslims in India. The differential treatments across social groups suggest that the Hindu religious affiliation plays a more dominant role than the Indian nationality affiliation in the identity of refugees. Further, we find suggestive evidence of identity assimilation among individuals with a refugee background.

Featured image: chris-sabor-unsplash

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The Births of New Private-owned Enterprises in an Environment of State-owned Enterprises. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Zhong Zhao and Liang Zheng.

July 24, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds that incumbent state-owned enterprises hinder the formation of new private-owned enterprises.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1296, 2023

The Births of New Private-owned Enterprises in an Environment of State-owned Enterprises – Download PDF
by Zhao, Zhong & Zheng, Liang

GLO Fellow Zh ong Zhao

Author Abstract: The impact of the incumbent state-owned enterprises (SOEs) on the births of new private-owned enterprises (POEs) in China is a central concern for the government and society. In this paper, we apply agglomeration theories to distinguish the linkages between SOEs and POEs. Using China’s 2008 economic census, the 2007 Input-Output Table, and the 2005 population mini census, we measure the formation of new POEs at the city-industry level, and the agglomeration forces of distance proximity to inputs, outputs, labor, and technology. More explicitly, we measure the extent to which local SOEs provide relevant inputs, consume outputs, employ similar workers, and use similar technology. Our findings indicate that overall, incumbent SOEs hinder the formation of new POEs. For manufacturing, the entry of new POEs is significantly lower in places where more upstream SOEs are concentrated. For services, the entry of new POEs is significantly lower in places where more upstream and downstream SOEs are concentrated. However, the agglomeration effects from the incumbent POEs are either insignificant or significantly positive.

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Variable Payment Schemes and Productivity: Do Individual-Based Schemes Really Have a Stronger Influence Than Collective Ones? A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellows Uwe Jirjahn & Jens Mohrenweiser.

July 23, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper shows that individual-based performance pay does not outperform group-based performance pay or profit sharing.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1298, 2023

Variable Payment Schemes and Productivity: Do Individual-Based Schemes Really Have a Stronger Influence Than Collective Ones? – Download PDF
by Jirjahn, Uwe & Mohrenweiser, Jens

GLO Fellows Uwe Jirjahn & Jens Mohrenweiser

Author Abstract: While studies on individual-based and collective payment schemes are largely unconnected, there appears to be a widely held belief that individual-based schemes have a stronger influence on firm performance than collective ones. This also applies to an index of best management practices developed by Bloom and Van Reenen (2007). The index assigns the highest weight to individual-based performance pay, a medium weight to group-based performance pay and a low weight to profit sharing. This weighting is obviously driven by the implicit assumption that collective payment schemes suffer from a free-rider problem so they have a less strong influence on productivity than individual-based schemes. We show that this assumption is questionable from both a theoretical and an empirical point of view. Using the German Management and Organizational Practices Survey, one of the datasets initiated by Bloom and Van Reenen, we show that individual-based performance pay does not outperform group-based performance pay or profit sharing. The finding also holds when accounting for possible interactions among the payment schemes and considering the moderating roles of firm size, employee representation, and innovativeness. Our results suggest that researchers should be careful with respect to the assumptions and subjective priors guiding their empirical analyses.

Featured image: Jason-Leung-on-unsplash

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Armed Conflict and Early Human Capital Accumulation: Evidence from Cameroon’s Anglophone Conflict. A new GLO Discussion Paper by Hector Galindo-Silva and GLO Fellow Guy Tchuente.

July 19, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds that an increase in violent events and conflict-related deaths causes a significant decline in test scores in reading and mathematics.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1295, 2023

Armed Conflict and Early Human Capital Accumulation: Evidence from Cameroon’s Anglophone Conflict – Download PDF
by Galindo-Silva, Hector & Tchuente, Guy

GLO Fellow Guy Tchuente

Author Abstract: This paper examines the impact of the Anglophone Conflict in Cameroon on human capital accumulation. Using high-quality individual-level data on test scores and information on conflict-related violent events, a difference-in-differences design is employed to estimate the conflict’s causal effects. The results show that an increase in violent events and conflict-related deaths causes a significant decline in test scores in reading and mathematics. The conflict also leads to higher rates of teacher absenteeism and reduced access to electricity in schools. These findings highlight the adverse consequences of conflict-related violence on human capital accumulation, particularly within the Anglophone subsystem. The study emphasizes the disproportionate burden faced by Anglophone pupils due to language-rooted tensions and segregated educational systems.

Featured image: Stijn-Swinnen-on-unsplash

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Improving school management in low and middle income countries: A systematic review. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellows Lee Crawfurd & Todd Pugatch and colleagues.

July 18, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds three main factors which mitigate program effectiveness: low take-up; lack of incentives or structure for implementation of recommendations; and the lengthy causal chain linking management practices to student learning.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1294, 2023

Improving school management in low and middle income countries: A systematic review – Download PDF

by Anand, Gautam & Atluri, Aishwarya & Crawfurd, Lee & Pugatch, Todd & Sheth, Ketki

GLO Fellows Lee Crawfurd & Todd Pugatch

Author Abstract: Improving school quality in low and middle income countries (LMICs) is a global priority. One way to improve quality may be to improve the management skills of school leaders. In this systematic review, we analyze the impact of interventions targeting school leaders’ management practices on student learning. We begin by describing the characteristics and responsibilities of school leaders using data from large, multi-country surveys. Second, we review the literature and conduct a metaanalysis of the causal effect of school management interventions on student learning, using 39 estimates from 20 evaluations. We estimate a statistically significant improvement in student learning of 0.04 standard deviations. We show that effect sizes are not related to program scale or intensity. We complement the meta-analysis by identifying common limitations to program effectiveness through a qualitative assessment of the studies included in our review. We find three main factors which mitigate program effectiveness: 1) low take-up; 2) lack of incentives or structure for implementation of recommendations; and 3) the lengthy causal chain linking management practices to student learning. Finally, to assess external validity of our review, we survey practitioners to compare characteristics between evaluated and commonly implemented programs. Our findings suggest that future work should focus on generating evidence on the marginal effect of common design elements in these interventions, including factors that promote school leader engagement and accountability.

Featured image: cdc-GDokEYnOfnE-unsplash

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Marriage and divorce: the role of unemployment insurance. Open Access to a new article published in the Journal of Population Economics.

July 18, 2023Article, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A recent German unemployment insurance reform that tightened means-testing based on the partner’s income led to a decrease in intermarriage.

Schulz, B., Siuda, F. Marriage and divorce: the role of unemployment insurance. J Popul Econ (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-023-00961-1 OPEN ACCESS

The Journal of Population Economics has CiteScore 9.2 (MORE Info) & Impact Factor 6.1.

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The US COVID-19 baby bust and rebound. A new article by Melissa Kearney and Phillip Levine published in the Journal of Population Economics.

July 17, 2023Article, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

Findings document the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on births in the USA, which resulted in a “baby bust” period, from August 2020 through February 2021, and a birth rebound between March and September 2021. The bust was larger with more COVID cases and the rebound was smaller in places that had mask mandates.

Kearney, M.S., Levine, P.B. The US COVID-19 baby bust and rebound. J Popul Econ (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-023-00965-x Free to read: https://rdcu.be/dg1uw

The Journal of Population Economics has CiteScore 9.2 (MORE Info) & Impact Factor 6.1.

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Hidden drop-out: Secondary education (unseen) failure in pandemic times. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Marco Tonello and colleagues.

July 17, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds that hidden drop-out increased during the crisis.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1293, 2023

Hidden drop-out: Secondary education (unseen) failure in pandemic times – Download PDF
by Alderighi, Lorenzo & Ballatore, Rosario M. & Tonello, Marco

GLO Fellow Marco Tonello

Author Abstract: We estimate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on hidden drop-out, a new measure indicating failure in achieving the minimum level of skills considered to be adequate for a student getting the high school diploma. We exploit the exogenous variation induced by the pandemic by comparing two cohorts of students (one affected and the other unaffected), within the same school. We find that hidden drop-out increases by 8.6 percentage points; the effect is stronger for students with lower levels of prior achievement, from poorer families, but also for those emotionally disrupted during assessments, and for those disclosing lower educational aspirations.

Featured image: Adli-Wahid-on-Unsplash

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Contact

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