Category Archives: Post

In utero shocks and health at birth: The distorting effect of fetal losses. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Tamás Hajdu.

July 31, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper shows that the results of the standard empirical approach are biased.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1301, 2023

In utero shocks and health at birth: The distorting effect of fetal losses – Download PDF
by Hajdu, Tamás

Author Abstract: Research on the effect of in utero shocks on health at birth may be influenced by in utero selection. This study outlines a conceptual framework and shows that the results of the standard empirical approach are biased if (i) the exposure changes the probability of fetal death and (ii) health differences exist between deceased and surviving fetuses. Furthermore, an empirical example is provided to illustrate, the potential importance of fetal selection. Examining the impact of heat on birth weight, I find that accounting for fetal selection substantially increases the heat effect compared to the standard approach. These results suggest that incorporating the distorting effect of fetal losses into the estimations may be critical in some cases to provide more informed guidance for public policy.

Journal of Population Economics (JOPE)
JOPE has CiteScore 9.2 (2022, LINK) & Impact Factor 6.1 (2022)

JUST PUBLISHED
Vol. 36, Issue 3, July 2023: 26 articles on: Aspirations and preferences; Environment, Weather, Climate; Family; Fertility; Historical demography; Ageing, pensions, social security; Migration
https://link.springer.com/journal/148/volumes-and-issues/36-3

CALL FOR PAPERS
JOPE invites paper submissions for the following collections:
– Abortions
– Covid-19 and diseases
– Lifecycle fertility models
– Sexual and domestic violence
– Sexuality including LGBT issues
– Statistics & measurement of population economics
For more details and for examples of already published papers in these collections see:
https://glabor.org/collections-journal-of-population-economics-invites-paper-submissions-in-six-research-areas/
https://link.springer.com/journal/148/collections
JOPE Collections are a set of published papers on issues of significant relevance for the journal. Authors are continuously invited to submit their related work for evaluation stating their specific interest to contribute in the submission cover letter. JOPE Editors will treat those submissions with particular interest and speedy handling. Articles will be immediately published after final acceptance.

GLO Discussion Papers are research and policy papers of the GLO Network which are widely circulated to encourage discussion. Provided in cooperation with EconStor, a service of the ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, GLO Discussion Papers are among others listed in RePEc (see IDEAS, EconPapers). Complete list of all GLO DPs – downloadable for free.

The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.

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Diluted blood still better than water? The beneficial effects of politicians’ birthplaces on refugee acceptance. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Hai-Anh Dang and Trong-Anh Trinh.

July 28, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds that countries with higher shares of foreign-born politicians have higher recognition rates and offer more aid to refugees.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1300, 2023

Diluted blood still better than water? The beneficial effects of politicians’ birthplaces on refugee acceptance – Download PDF
by Dang, Hai-Anh H. & Trinh, Trong-Anh

GLO Fellow Hai-Anh Dang

Author Abstract: In parliamentary systems, elected representatives often have power to direct resources to their preferred areas. Foreign-born politicians, those who were born in countries other than the country where they hold policymaking positions, may exhibit a strong preference for refugees. We provide the first empirical evidence on the relationship between politicians’ birthplaces and refugee acceptance. Employing an instrumental variable approach to analyze a newly-constructed panel data set comprising 17 destination countries in the OECD during 2002-2019, we find that countries with higher shares of foreign-born politicians have higher recognition rates and offer more aid to refugees. Our findings remain robust for different outcome variables, model specifications, and birthplaces’ income levels. Some evidence also suggests that countries with more foreign-born politicians affiliated with left-wing parties tend to show more favouritism toward refugees. Finally, we find that favourable asylum policy and positive public opinion are possible explanations for increased acceptance of refugees.

Featured image: ed-leszczynskl-unsplash

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Pathways to Better Health? Assessing the Impact of Ethiopian Community-Based Health Insurance on Children Health Outcomes. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Lorenzo Rocco and colleagues.

July 27, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper shows that it matters and how.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1299, 2023

Pathways to Better Health? Assessing the Impact of Ethiopian Community-Based Health Insurance on Children Health Outcomes – Download PDF
by Anteneh, Zecharias & Celidoni, Martina & Rocco, Lorenzo

GLO Fellow Lorenzo Rocco

Author Abstract: Publicly financed Community Based-Health Insurance (CBHI) schemes are typically implemented in developing countries to foster healthcare utilization and improve health outcomes among low-income households. Using the Demographic and Health Survey from 2005 to 2016, we estimate the effects of the Ethiopian CBHI on children’s health. Difference-in-differences estimates show that CBHI reduced mortality and the probability of being underweight among children under five. We also find that CBHI significantly reduces wasting, a measure of short-term nutritional deficiency or health conditions, but not stunting, known to be an indicator of long-term chronic malnutrition. Potential mechanisms underlying our results are improved maternal health, access to health care, nutrition and a reduced risk of poverty.

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Call for contributions: 45th EBES Conference – Budapest/Hungary October 11-13, 2023. Abstract deadline: September 17, 2023.

July 25, 2023Events, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The 45th EBES Conference – Budapest will take place on October 11th,12th, and 13th, 2023 in Budapest, Hungary. The conference will be hosted by Mathias Corvinus Collegium with the support of the Istanbul Economic Research Association and organized in Hybrid Mode (online and in-person).

Interested researchers from around the world are cordially invited to submit their abstracts or papers for presentation considerations.

Deadline for Abstract/Paper Submission is September 17, 2023.

EBES Executive Board

Prof. Klaus F. Zimmermann, UNU-MERIT, Maastricht, and Free University Berlin
Prof. Mehmet Huseyin Bilgin, Istanbul Medeniyet University, EBES, Turkey
Prof. Jonathan Batten, University Utara Malaysia, Malaysia
Prof. Iftekhar Hasan, Fordham University, U.S.A.
Prof. Euston Quah, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Prof. John Rust, Georgetown University, U.S.A.
Prof. Dorothea Schäfer, German Institute for Economic Research DIW Berlin, Germany
Prof. Marco Vivarelli, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Italy

Abstract/Paper Submission

Authors are invited to submit their abstracts or papers no later than September 17, 2023.

For submission, please visit https://ebesweb.org/45th-ebes-conference-budapest/budapest-abstract-submission/ no submission fee is required.

General inquiries regarding the call for papers should be directed to ebes@ebesweb.org

Publication Opportunities

Qualified papers can be published in EBES journals (Eurasian Business Review and Eurasian Economic Review) or EBES proceedings books after a peer review process without any submission or publication fees. EBES journals (EABR and EAER) are published by Springer and both are indexed in the SCOPUS, EBSCO EconLit with Full Text, Google Scholar, ABS Academic Journal Quality Guide, CNKI, EBSCO Business Source, EBSCO Discovery Service, ProQuest International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS), OCLC WorldCat Discovery Service, ProQuest ABI/INFORM, ProQuest Business Premium Collection, ProQuest Central, ProQuest Turkey Database, ProQuest-ExLibris Primo, ProQuest-ExLibris Summon, Research Papers in Economics (RePEc), Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China, Naver, SCImago, ABDC Journal Quality List, Cabell’s Directory, and Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory. In addition, while EAER is indexed in the Emerging Sources Citation Index (Clarivate Analytics), EABR is indexed in the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) and Current Contents / Social & Behavioral Sciences.

Also, all accepted abstracts will be published electronically in the Conference Program and the Abstract Book (with an ISBN number). It will be distributed to all conference participants at the conference via USB. Although submitting full papers are not required, all the submitted full papers will also be included in the conference proceedings in a USB.

After the conference, participants will also have the opportunity to send their paper to be published (after a refereeing process managed by EBES) in the Springer’s series Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics (no submission and publication fees). This is indexed by Scopus. It will also be sent to Clarivate Analytics in order to be reviewed for coverage in the Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH). Please note that the 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, and 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th, 29 (Vol. 1), and 30th EBES Conference Proceedings are accepted for inclusion in the Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH). Other conference proceedings are in progress.

Important Dates

Conference Date: October 11-13, 2023
Extended Abstract Submission Deadline: September 17, 2023
Reply-by: Shortly after September 17, 2023*
Registration Deadline: September 21, 2023
Submission of the Virtual Presentation: September 21, 2023
Announcement of the Program: September 26, 2023
Paper Submission Deadline (Optional): September 21, 2023**
Paper Submission for the EBES journals: December 9, 2023

* The decision regarding the acceptance/rejection of each abstract/paper will be communicated with the corresponding author within a week of submission.

** Completed paper submission is optional. If you want to be considered for the Best Paper Award or your full paper to be included in the conference proceedings in the USB, after submitting your abstract before September 9, 2023, you must also submit your completed (full) paper by September 21, 2023.

Contact

Ugur Can, Director of EBES (ebes@ebesweb.org)
Dr. Ender Demir, Conference Coordinator of EBES (demir@ebesweb.org)

Conference LINK

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Identity assimilation: Impact of conflict and partition on the giving behaviors of refugees and natives in West Bengal. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellows Debayan Pakrashi & Sarani Saha and colleagues.

July 24, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper shows that it matters and how.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1297, 2023

Identity assimilation: Impact of conflict and partition on the giving behaviors of refugees and natives in West Bengal – Download PDF
by Bhattacharya, Nilanjan & Pakrashi, Debayan & Saha, Sarani & Wang, Liang C.

GLO Fellows Debayan Pakrashi & Sarani Saha

Author Abstract: In regions affected by conflicts, partition, and violence, how does past exposure to such incidences affect attitudes towards members of different social groups? Drawing on the theory of inequity aversion model, we infer that past exposure to conflict and violence can increase an individual’s ability to empathize with the ingroup(s) and discriminate against the outgroup(s). We test this hypothesis by conducting a money-giving dictator game and a money-taking dictator game among 794 Hindu Bengali individuals from an Indian-native-born background and an East-Pakistan-refugee background residing in the state of West Bengal in India. Our objective is to study the dominant social identity and identity assimilation of individuals with multiple social affiliations. We find that participants from both native and refugee backgrounds show favoritism towards other Hindus in India by giving them money taken away from Muslims in India, Hindus in Bangladesh, and Muslims in Bangladesh. The favoritism towards other Hindus in India indicates that they are treated as the social ingroup, while the discrimination against the other groups indicates that they are treated as the social outgroups. Participants from refugee families discriminate against Muslims in India more than Hindus in Bangladesh, while participants from native families discriminate against Hindus in Bangladesh more than Muslims in India. The differential treatments across social groups suggest that the Hindu religious affiliation plays a more dominant role than the Indian nationality affiliation in the identity of refugees. Further, we find suggestive evidence of identity assimilation among individuals with a refugee background.

Featured image: chris-sabor-unsplash

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The Births of New Private-owned Enterprises in an Environment of State-owned Enterprises. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Zhong Zhao and Liang Zheng.

July 24, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds that incumbent state-owned enterprises hinder the formation of new private-owned enterprises.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1296, 2023

The Births of New Private-owned Enterprises in an Environment of State-owned Enterprises – Download PDF
by Zhao, Zhong & Zheng, Liang

GLO Fellow Zh ong Zhao

Author Abstract: The impact of the incumbent state-owned enterprises (SOEs) on the births of new private-owned enterprises (POEs) in China is a central concern for the government and society. In this paper, we apply agglomeration theories to distinguish the linkages between SOEs and POEs. Using China’s 2008 economic census, the 2007 Input-Output Table, and the 2005 population mini census, we measure the formation of new POEs at the city-industry level, and the agglomeration forces of distance proximity to inputs, outputs, labor, and technology. More explicitly, we measure the extent to which local SOEs provide relevant inputs, consume outputs, employ similar workers, and use similar technology. Our findings indicate that overall, incumbent SOEs hinder the formation of new POEs. For manufacturing, the entry of new POEs is significantly lower in places where more upstream SOEs are concentrated. For services, the entry of new POEs is significantly lower in places where more upstream and downstream SOEs are concentrated. However, the agglomeration effects from the incumbent POEs are either insignificant or significantly positive.

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Variable Payment Schemes and Productivity: Do Individual-Based Schemes Really Have a Stronger Influence Than Collective Ones? A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellows Uwe Jirjahn & Jens Mohrenweiser.

July 23, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper shows that individual-based performance pay does not outperform group-based performance pay or profit sharing.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1298, 2023

Variable Payment Schemes and Productivity: Do Individual-Based Schemes Really Have a Stronger Influence Than Collective Ones? – Download PDF
by Jirjahn, Uwe & Mohrenweiser, Jens

GLO Fellows Uwe Jirjahn & Jens Mohrenweiser

Author Abstract: While studies on individual-based and collective payment schemes are largely unconnected, there appears to be a widely held belief that individual-based schemes have a stronger influence on firm performance than collective ones. This also applies to an index of best management practices developed by Bloom and Van Reenen (2007). The index assigns the highest weight to individual-based performance pay, a medium weight to group-based performance pay and a low weight to profit sharing. This weighting is obviously driven by the implicit assumption that collective payment schemes suffer from a free-rider problem so they have a less strong influence on productivity than individual-based schemes. We show that this assumption is questionable from both a theoretical and an empirical point of view. Using the German Management and Organizational Practices Survey, one of the datasets initiated by Bloom and Van Reenen, we show that individual-based performance pay does not outperform group-based performance pay or profit sharing. The finding also holds when accounting for possible interactions among the payment schemes and considering the moderating roles of firm size, employee representation, and innovativeness. Our results suggest that researchers should be careful with respect to the assumptions and subjective priors guiding their empirical analyses.

Featured image: Jason-Leung-on-unsplash

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Armed Conflict and Early Human Capital Accumulation: Evidence from Cameroon’s Anglophone Conflict. A new GLO Discussion Paper by Hector Galindo-Silva and GLO Fellow Guy Tchuente.

July 19, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds that an increase in violent events and conflict-related deaths causes a significant decline in test scores in reading and mathematics.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1295, 2023

Armed Conflict and Early Human Capital Accumulation: Evidence from Cameroon’s Anglophone Conflict – Download PDF
by Galindo-Silva, Hector & Tchuente, Guy

GLO Fellow Guy Tchuente

Author Abstract: This paper examines the impact of the Anglophone Conflict in Cameroon on human capital accumulation. Using high-quality individual-level data on test scores and information on conflict-related violent events, a difference-in-differences design is employed to estimate the conflict’s causal effects. The results show that an increase in violent events and conflict-related deaths causes a significant decline in test scores in reading and mathematics. The conflict also leads to higher rates of teacher absenteeism and reduced access to electricity in schools. These findings highlight the adverse consequences of conflict-related violence on human capital accumulation, particularly within the Anglophone subsystem. The study emphasizes the disproportionate burden faced by Anglophone pupils due to language-rooted tensions and segregated educational systems.

Featured image: Stijn-Swinnen-on-unsplash

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Improving school management in low and middle income countries: A systematic review. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellows Lee Crawfurd & Todd Pugatch and colleagues.

July 18, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds three main factors which mitigate program effectiveness: low take-up; lack of incentives or structure for implementation of recommendations; and the lengthy causal chain linking management practices to student learning.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1294, 2023

Improving school management in low and middle income countries: A systematic review – Download PDF

by Anand, Gautam & Atluri, Aishwarya & Crawfurd, Lee & Pugatch, Todd & Sheth, Ketki

GLO Fellows Lee Crawfurd & Todd Pugatch

Author Abstract: Improving school quality in low and middle income countries (LMICs) is a global priority. One way to improve quality may be to improve the management skills of school leaders. In this systematic review, we analyze the impact of interventions targeting school leaders’ management practices on student learning. We begin by describing the characteristics and responsibilities of school leaders using data from large, multi-country surveys. Second, we review the literature and conduct a metaanalysis of the causal effect of school management interventions on student learning, using 39 estimates from 20 evaluations. We estimate a statistically significant improvement in student learning of 0.04 standard deviations. We show that effect sizes are not related to program scale or intensity. We complement the meta-analysis by identifying common limitations to program effectiveness through a qualitative assessment of the studies included in our review. We find three main factors which mitigate program effectiveness: 1) low take-up; 2) lack of incentives or structure for implementation of recommendations; and 3) the lengthy causal chain linking management practices to student learning. Finally, to assess external validity of our review, we survey practitioners to compare characteristics between evaluated and commonly implemented programs. Our findings suggest that future work should focus on generating evidence on the marginal effect of common design elements in these interventions, including factors that promote school leader engagement and accountability.

Featured image: cdc-GDokEYnOfnE-unsplash

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Marriage and divorce: the role of unemployment insurance. Open Access to a new article published in the Journal of Population Economics.

July 18, 2023Article, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A recent German unemployment insurance reform that tightened means-testing based on the partner’s income led to a decrease in intermarriage.

Schulz, B., Siuda, F. Marriage and divorce: the role of unemployment insurance. J Popul Econ (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-023-00961-1 OPEN ACCESS

The Journal of Population Economics has CiteScore 9.2 (MORE Info) & Impact Factor 6.1.

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The US COVID-19 baby bust and rebound. A new article by Melissa Kearney and Phillip Levine published in the Journal of Population Economics.

July 17, 2023Article, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

Findings document the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on births in the USA, which resulted in a “baby bust” period, from August 2020 through February 2021, and a birth rebound between March and September 2021. The bust was larger with more COVID cases and the rebound was smaller in places that had mask mandates.

Kearney, M.S., Levine, P.B. The US COVID-19 baby bust and rebound. J Popul Econ (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-023-00965-x Free to read: https://rdcu.be/dg1uw

The Journal of Population Economics has CiteScore 9.2 (MORE Info) & Impact Factor 6.1.

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Hidden drop-out: Secondary education (unseen) failure in pandemic times. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Marco Tonello and colleagues.

July 17, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds that hidden drop-out increased during the crisis.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1293, 2023

Hidden drop-out: Secondary education (unseen) failure in pandemic times – Download PDF
by Alderighi, Lorenzo & Ballatore, Rosario M. & Tonello, Marco

GLO Fellow Marco Tonello

Author Abstract: We estimate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on hidden drop-out, a new measure indicating failure in achieving the minimum level of skills considered to be adequate for a student getting the high school diploma. We exploit the exogenous variation induced by the pandemic by comparing two cohorts of students (one affected and the other unaffected), within the same school. We find that hidden drop-out increases by 8.6 percentage points; the effect is stronger for students with lower levels of prior achievement, from poorer families, but also for those emotionally disrupted during assessments, and for those disclosing lower educational aspirations.

Featured image: Adli-Wahid-on-Unsplash

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Learning during the Pandemic: Evidence from Uzbekistan. A new GLO Discussion paper by Syedah Aroob Iqbal and GLO Fellow Harry Patrinos.

July 16, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds that test scores in math for grade 5 students improved over time despite school closures.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1292, 2023

Learning during the Pandemic: Evidence from Uzbekistan – Download PDF
by Iqbal, & Patrinos, Harry Anthony

GLO Fellow Harry Patrinos

Author Abstract: School closures induced by the COVID-19 pandemic led to concerns about student learning. This paper evaluates the effect of school closures on student learning in Uzbekistan, using a unique dataset that allows assessing change in learning over time. The findings show that test scores in math for grade 5 students improved over time by 0.29 standard deviation despite school closures. The outcomes among students who were assessed in 2019 improved by an average of 0.72 standard deviation over the next two years, slightly lower than the expected growth of 0.80 standard deviation. The paper explores the reasons for no learning loss.

Featured image: Adli-Wahid-on-Unsplash

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Impact of early childhood school intervention on enrollment and learning outcomes: Evaluation of a public program in India. A new GLO Discussion Paper by Nilanjan Bhattacharya and GLO Fellows Debayan Pakrashi, Sarani Saha & Soham Sahoo.

July 15, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds that the program significantly increased enrollment in the pre-primary sections of the government schools.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1290, 2023

Impact of early childhood school intervention on enrollment and learning outcomes: Evaluation of a public program in India – Download PDF
by Bhattacharya, Nilanjan & Pakrashi, Debayan & Saha, Sarani & Sahoo, Soham

GLO Fellows Debayan Pakrashi, Sarani Saha & Soham Sahoo

Author Abstract: We evaluate the impact of introducing a pre-primary schooling program in government schools in the Indian state of West Bengal in 2013 on children’s early enrollment in schools and subsequent test scores. Using double difference, triple difference, and synthetic control methodologies, we find that the program significantly increased enrollment in the pre-primary sections of the government schools. However, the rise in enrollment did not translate into improved performance of the students. Analyzing the test scores, we find that after the program’s introduction, both math and reading scores of treated children did not improve compared to the control group. We attribute this result to the deteriorating physical and learning infrastructure in the state government schools, captured via a decline in the availability of classrooms and teachers.

Featured image: Element5-Digital-on-Unsplash

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More than a She-recession: Long-term feminization and short-term pandemic effects. A new GLO Discussion Paper by Linnea Nelli and GLO Fellow Maria Enrica Virgillito.

July 14, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper finds that the impact of the Covid-19 crisis has been more than proportional for women in Italy, especially for low educated female workers and working in the South during 2020.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1291, 2023

More than a She-recession: Long-term feminization and short-term pandemic effects – Download PDF
by Nelli, Linnea & Virgillito, Maria Enrica

GLO Fellow Maria Enrica Virgillito

Author Abstract: The Covid-19 crisis has been defined as a “She-recession” because of its disproportionate impact on female employment by contrast to past recessions defined as “Man-recessions”, for the usual disproportionate impact on men. The roots of the She-recession can be however traced back to the persistence of gender asymmetries both intra-household and extra-household in the labour market, a phenomenon known as feminization. This paper aims at measuring and explaining the gender differences in the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on the Italian labour market from a macroeconomic perspective. We measure the duration, depth and diffusion of the Covid-19 crisis on job losses, structural unemployment and inactivity. We find that the impact of the Covid-19 crisis has been more than proportional for women, especially for low educated female workers and working in the South during 2020.

Featured image: dainis-graveris-unsplash

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Educating children with disabilities: Comparative evidence from Ethiopia, Burkina Faso and Niger. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Elena Nikolova and colleagues.

July 13, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper discusses the factors contributing to the continued marginalization of children with disabilities in Africa.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1289, 2023

Educating children with disabilities: Comparative evidence from Ethiopia, Burkina Faso and Niger – Download PDF
by Hang’andu, Privilege & Mensah, Emmanuel Kodwo & Nikolova, Elena & Hayward, Elizabeth

GLO Fellow Elena Nikolova

Author Abstract: Education is a fundamental human right and it is a global Sustainable Development Goal to “ensure inclusive and equitable quality education for all.” Many children with disabilities in low-income countries, however, continue to be excluded from educational opportunities at great cost to themselves, their families, and the communities in which they live. Realizing the right to inclusive education for children with disabilities requires policies and practices that are tailored to and effective for unique regional and local contexts. Using new qualitative data collected in 2020 (based on a desk review and key informant interviews), this chapter explores the inclusiveness, equality, and quality of education for children with disabilities in three African countries: Ethiopia, Burkina Faso, and Niger. The study countries are at the bottom of the Human Development Index ranking of 189 countries worldwide (Ethiopia 173, Burkina Faso 182, Niger 189, data from 2020). Despite state commitments to education as a human right and legislative support for inclusive education in each country, social, economic, political, and financial factors at the family, community, and system levels contribute to the continued marginalization of children with disabilities. The insights from this multi-country analysis highlight the importance of locally informed and context-specific approaches but also point to broader lessons for the study and promotion of inclusive education in low-resource settings. These insights provide a starting point for further investigation of disabilityinclusive education on the African continent and in the developing world.

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Firm Closures and Labor Market Policies in Europe: Evidence from Retrospective Longitudinal Data. A new GLO Discussion Paper by Georgios Voucharas and GLO Fellow Nikolaos Theodoropoulos.

July 12, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The new GLO Discussion Paper findings suggest that, in contrast to passive labor market policies, investing in active labor market policies increases the re-employment probability and the re-employment duration, reduces the risk of staying unemployed, and leads to higher wages at the lower end of the conditional wage distribution.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1288, 2023

Firm Closures and Labor Market Policies in Europe: Evidence from Retrospective Longitudinal Data – Download PDF
by Theodoropoulos, Nikolaos & Voucharas, Georgios

GLO Fellow Nikolaos Theodoropoulos

Author Abstract: We examine the impact of active and passive labor market policies expenditures on the probability of re-employment, re-employment duration, unemployment duration, and re-employment wages in the case of job displacements due to firm closures. We use retrospective homogeneous longitudinal data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe and OECD data for 24 countries over the period 1985-2017 and we operate within alternative econometric frameworks. Our findings suggest that, in contrast to passive labor market policies, investing in active labor market policies increases the re-employment probability and the re-employment duration, reduces the risk of staying unemployed, and leads to higher wages at the lower end of the conditional wage distribution. Passive labor market policies estimates offset active labor market estimates and their interaction effect is always negative, but complementarities effects are found for Northern countries. By breaking down active and passive labor market policies into eight subcomponents, our results indicate that they have significant heterogeneous effects within and across labor market outcomes. Further, expenditures on labor market policies vary substantially across regions. For instance, active labor market policies have a stronger impact for Eastern countries, whereas passive labor market policies such as out-of-work income has a positive impact for Southern countries. Further, females are found to benefit more from active labor market policies in terms of re-employment probability, duration of re-employment, and risk of unemployment, but not in terms of wages, compared to males. Policymakers may consider the importance of implementing diverse reforms tailored to different countries and groups to enhance the effectiveness of labor market policies.

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Covid-19 and Entrepreneurship by GLO Fellow Alina Sorgner.

July 11, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion paper identifies and reviews six main themes covered in the emerging literature: entrepreneurial process, resilience and opportunity, entrepreneurial finance, policy responses to the Covid-19 crisis, gender, and well-being.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1287, 2023

Covid-19 and Entrepreneurship – Download PDF
by Sorgner, Alina

Author Abstract: This chapter presents the results of a systematic review of literature (SLR) on impacts of Covid-19 on entrepreneurship published in the first three years since the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, covering the period between January 2020 and January 2023. Main developments in the literature over time, space and themes are identified. The literature body has been growing constantly over time, with most studies included in this SLR published in 2022 that remained unconsidered in previous SLRs. In terms of spatial distribution of published research, a significant number of studies focus on North American and European countries, while low-income countries and countries in Latin American, Sub-Saharan and South Asian regions are underrepresented. Six main themes (and multiple sub-themes) were identified in the literature: entrepreneurial process, resilience and opportunity, entrepreneurial finance, policy responses to the Covid-19 crisis, gender, and well-being. Research on the impact the pandemic has had on entrepreneurial process, sources of financing, resilience of start-up firms, and opportunities emerging from the crisis has been dominating the literature since the early days of the pandemic and has been growing since then. Emerging themes include policy responses to the Covid-19 crisis and their (unintended) consequences for entrepreneurship, as well as differential impact of Covid-19 on female and male entrepreneurs. Studies on well-being of entrepreneurs, including their physical and mental health, represent a relatively low share of the literature on Covid-19 and entrepreneurship. Implications of the results for entrepreneurship research and practice are discussed.

Featured image: Adli-Wahid-on-Unsplash

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EBES 44 Istanbul, July 6-8, 2023. Conference Report. Keun Lee received distinguished EBES Fellow Award.

July 10, 2023Events, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

On July 6, 2o23, Keun Lee, Seoul National University, and Editor, Research Policy, received the distinguished EBES Fellow Award 2023 and provided a speech on Schumpeterian Economics and Catch up by Latecomers.

Left: Panel session with Dorothea Schäfer, Klaus F. Zimmermann, Marco Vivarelli and Keun Lee.
Right: Marco Vivarelli, Klaus F. Zimmermann, Mehmet Bilgin and Keun Lee.

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The Unintended Consequence of Stringent Immigration Enforcement on Staffing in Nursing Homes: Evidence from Secure Communities. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Christian Gunadi.

July 10, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper finds that the Secure Communities program reduced direct-care staff hours and hence exacerbates the healthcare worker shortage in the United States.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1286, 2023

The Unintended Consequence of Stringent Immigration Enforcement on Staffing in Nursing Homes: Evidence from Secure Communities – Download PDF
by Gunadi, Christian

GLO Fellow Christian Gunadi

Author Abstract: The provision of healthcare in the United States is increasingly more reliant on immigrant workers. In this paper, I examine the impact of Secure Communities, a major immigration enforcement program that was designed to check the immigration status of all individuals arrested by local police, on staffing in nursing homes. Using difference-in-differences strategy that exploits staggered activation of Secure Communities across U.S counties, I found that the program reduced direct-care staff hours per resident day by 0.082, an approximately 2.2% decline relative to the mean of treatment counties in the baseline period. This finding suggests that stringent immigration enforcement may exacerbate the healthcare worker shortage in the United States.

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Remittances and Child Labor in Pakistan: A Tale of Complementarities. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellows James Bang, Aniruddha Mitra & Faisal Abbas.

July 9, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper using data from a survey conducted in the Punjab province of Pakistan finds that remittances have in general failed to mitigate household reliance on child labor.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1285, 2023

Remittances and Child Labor in Pakistan: A Tale of Complementarities – Download PDF
by Bang, James & Mitra, Aniruddha & Abbas, Faisal

GLO Fellows James Bang, Aniruddha Mitra & Faisal Abbas

Author Abstract: We investigate the impact of remittance income on the household decision to send a child to work. Using data from a Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey conducted in the Punjab province of Pakistan in 2014, we isolate the causal impact of remittance income by employing statistical matching to construct counterfactuals that allow us to compare the occurrence in child labor in comparable households that differ solely in their access to remittances. We find that remittances have in general failed to mitigate household reliance on child labor in Punjab. However, the impact depends critically on whether remittances originate from within Pakistan or outside, the age and gender of the child, and on the nature of employment. Specifically, internal remittances increase the labor force participation of the youngest children in the 5-11 age group, with girls being more likely to work in household production and boys being additionally more likely to work as wage labor in nonhazardous occupations. By contrast, international remittances impact the oldest children in the 14-17 age group. While girls in this age group participate more in household and nonhazardous market production, boys are additionally more likely to participate in hazardous activity.

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Innovation and the Labor Market: Theory, Evidence and Challenges. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellows Jacopo Staccioli and Marco Vivarelli & colleagues.

July 8, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The GLO Discussion Paper studies labor-saving automation (namely robotics and AI) based on natural language processing of US patents to find that both upstream high-tech providers and downstream users of new technologies – such as Boeing and Amazon – lead the underlying innovative efforts.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1284, 2023

Innovation and the Labor Market: Theory, Evidence and Challenges – Download PDF
by Corrocher, Nicoletta & Moschella, Daniele & Staccioli, Jacopo & Vivarelli, Marco

GLO Fellows Jacopo Staccioli and Marco Vivarelli

Author Abstract: This paper deals with the complex relationship between innovation and the labor market, analyzing the impact of new technological advancements on overall employment, skills and wages. After a critical review of the extant literature and the available empirical studies, novel evidence is presented on the distribution of labor-saving automation (namely robotics and AI), based on natural language processing of US patents. This mapping shows that both upstream high-tech providers and downstream users of new technologies – such as Boeing and Amazon – lead the underlying innovative effort.

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Roots of Inequality. A new GLO Discussion Paper of GLO Fellow Oded Galor and colleagues.

July 7, 2023Discussion Paper, Highlight, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The GLO Discussion Paper finds sizable support for the United States that variation in the inequality across groups of individuals originating from different ancestral backgrounds can be traced to the degree of diversity of their ancestral populations.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1283, 2023

Roots of Inequality – Download PDF
by Galor, Oded & Klemp, Marc & Wainstock, Daniel C.

GLO Fellow Oded Galor is an Editor of the Journal of Population Economics

Author Abstract: Why does inequality vary across societies? We advance the hypothesis that in a market economy, where earning differentials reflect variations in productive traits among individuals, a significant component of the differences in inequality across societies can be attributed to variation in societal interpersonal diversity, shaped by the prehistorical out-of-Africa migration. Exploring the roots of inequality within the US population, we find supporting evidence for our hypothesis: variation in the inequality across groups of individuals originating from different ancestral backgrounds can be traced to the degree of diversity of their ancestral populations. This effect is sizable: a move from the lowest to the highest level of diversity in the sample is associated with an increase in the Gini index from the median to the 75th percentile of the inequality distribution.

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Ethnic spatial dispersion and immigrant identity. GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellows Amelie F. Constant & Simone Schüller and Klaus F. Zimmermann

July 6, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

The GLO Discussion Paper finds that local co-ethnic concentration affects immigrants’ ethnic identity.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1282, 2023

Ethnic spatial dispersion and immigrant identity – Download PDF
by Constant, Amelie F. & Schüller, Simone & Zimmermann, Klaus F.

GLO Fellows Amelie F. Constant and Simone Schüller

Now published: Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies. Open Access: https://lnkd.in/eT-YvEfN

Author Abstract: The role of ethnic clustering in ethnic identity formation has remained unexplored, mainly due to missing detailed data. This study closes the knowledge gap for Germany by employing a unique combination of datasets, the survey data from the German Socio-Economic Panel and disaggregated information at low geographical levels from the last two but still unexploited full German censuses, 1970 and 1987. Utilizing the exogenous placement of immigrants during the recruitment era in the 1960s and 1970s we find that local co-ethnic concentration affects immigrants’ ethnic identity. While residential ethnic clustering strengthens immigrants’ retention of an affiliation with their origin (minority identity), it weakens identification with the host society (majority identity). The effects are nonlinear and become significant only at relatively high levels of co-ethnic concentration for the minority identity and at very low levels of local concentration for the majority identity. The findings are robust to an instrumental variable approach.

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Hypothetical tax-benefit reforms in Hungary: Shifting from tax relief to cash transfers for family support. A new GLO Discussion Paper by Ana Agúndez García and GLO Fellow Michael Christl.

July 5, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper finds that reforms have an inequality-decreasing impact.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1281, 2023

Hypothetical tax-benefit reforms in Hungary: Shifting from tax relief to cash transfers for family support – Download PDF
by Agúndez García, Ana & Christl, Michael

GLO Fellow Michael Christl

Author Abstract: This paper evaluates two hypothetical budget-neutral reforms that shift resources from family tax expenditures to family cash transfers. We evaluate these reforms using a structural labor supply model based on the microsimulation EUROMOD model and EUSILC data. We find that both reforms have an inequality-decreasing impact. However, when looking at labor supply responses for different household types, we show that the reforms have a non-negligible impact, especially for females in couple households. Additionally, we show that females in the middle of the income distribution in particular will reduce labor supply in response to the reforms.

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Unsafe temperatures, unsafe jobs: The impact of weather conditions on work-related injuries. A new GLO Discussion Paper of Mattia Filomena and GLO Fellow Matteo Picchio.

July 4, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper finds that both high and cold temperatures impair occupational health by increasing workplace injury rates.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1280, 2023

Unsafe temperatures, unsafe jobs: The impact of weather conditions on work-related injuries – Download PDF
by Filomena, Mattia & Picchio, Matteo

GLO Fellow Matteo Picchio

Author Abstract: We estimate the impact of temperatures on work-related accident rates in Italy by using daily data on weather conditions matched to administrative daily data on work-related accidents. The identification strategy of the causal effect relies on the plausible exogeneity of short-term daily temperature variations in a given spatial unit. We find that both high and cold temperatures impair occupational health by increasing workplace injury rates. The positive effect of warmer weather conditions on work-related accident rates is larger for men, in manufacturing and service sectors, and for workplace injuries. Colder temperatures lead to a substantial increase in commuting accidents, especially during rainy days.

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Temperature and Low-stakes Cognitive Performance. A new GLO Discussion Paper of GLO Fellow Xi Chen and colleagues.

June 30, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper finds that exposure to excess temperature leads to a sizable decline in math scores.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1278, 2023

Temperature and Low-stakes Cognitive Performance – Download PDF
by Zhang, Xin & Chen, Xi & Zhang, Xiaobo

GLO Fellow Xi Chen

Xi Chen is an Editor of the Journal of Population Economics.

Author Abstract: This paper offers one of the first evidence in a developing country context that transitory exposure to high temperatures may disrupt low-stakes cognitive activities across a range of age cohorts. By matching eight years of repeated cognitive tests among all the participants in a nationally representative longitudinal survey in China with weather data according to the exact time and geographic location of their assessment, we show that exposure to a temperature above 32 °C on the test date, relative to a moderate day within 22-24 °C, leads to a sizable decline in their math scores by 0.066 standard deviations (equivalent to 0.23 years of education). Further, the effect on the math test scores is more salient for individuals who are older or less educated.

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Female Early Marriage and Son Preference in Pakistan. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Rashid Javed and colleagues.

June 30, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper finds significant evidence supporting the role of early marriage in perpetuating a disproportionate preference for boys.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1279, 2023

Female Early Marriage and Son Preference in Pakistan – Download PDF
by Mughal, Mazhar & Javed, Rashid & Lorey, Thierry

GLO Fellow Rashid Javed

Author Abstract: In this study, we employ pooled data from four rounds of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) to examine whether, and to what extent, does the incidence of early marriage shape the married women’s perspectives on gender preference associated with reproduction. We employ a number of econometric techniques (Probit, OLS, Cox Hazard Model, IV Probit and treatment effects) and a large set of model specifications, and find significant evidence supporting the role of early marriage in perpetuating disproportionate preference for boys. Women who married before turning 18 not only state a greater desire for boys but are also less likely to stop reproduction as long as they do not have a boy. Early-age marriage is associated with 7.7 – 12.5% higher incidence of fertility discontinuation among women without a son. This son-preferring behaviour is stronger at higher birth order and also reflects in differential spacing patterns. Women’s education appears to be the strongest channel through which these effects are mediated. The divergence between early- and late-marrying women appears to have sharpened over time. The findings of this study underscore the role played by early marriage in altering the gender-specific attitudes prevalent in the society, and highlight existing gender inequality traps.

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Workers’ behavior after safety regulations: Impact evaluation of the Spanish Occupational Safety and Health Act. A new GLO Discussion Paper by Pablo Delgado-Cubillo and GLO Fellow Ángel L. Martín-Román.

June 28, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper finds that while the nonfatal accident rate decreased after the implementation of the regulation, the isolated effect on accidents that usually provoke hard-to-diagnose injuries (dislocations, back pain, sprains, and strains) shows a significant increase.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1277, 2023

Workers’ behavior after safety regulations: Impact evaluation of the Spanish Occupational Safety and Health Act – Download PDF
by Delgado-Cubillo, Pablo & Martín Román, Ángel L.

GLO Fellow Ángel L. Martín-Román

Author Abstract: While the 1995 Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH) regulation transformed the outlook on workplaces in Spain, characterized by a lack of preventive protection, public statistics have reported an increasing trend in the postregulation workplace accident rates. This study uses microdata from official national statistics to examine the effect of the OSH regulation on the reported accidents while focusing on its severity. Accordingly, we apply a difference-in-difference assessment method where a comparable group is formed by the contemporaneous in itinere accidents (commuting), which are legally and statistically considered work-related accidents but not directly impacted by the OSH regulation, with a focus on the workplace environment. The results reveal that the nonfatal accident rate decreased after the implementation of the regulation. However, when we isolate the effect of the regulation on accidents that usually provoke hard-to-diagnose injuries (dislocations, back pain, sprains, and strains), we obtain a significant increase in the accident rate. Moral hazard mixed effects seem to have played a crucial role in these dynamics through overreporting and/or Peltzman effects, often offsetting accident reduction intended by the OSH regulation.

Journal of Population Economics (JOPE)
JOPE has CiteScore 9.2 (NEW – 2022, LINK) & Impact Factor 4.7 (2021, LINK)

JUST PUBLISHED
Vol. 36, Issue 3, July 2023: 26 articles on: Aspirations and preferences; Environment, Weather, Climate; Family; Fertility; Historical demography; Ageing, pensions, social security; Migration
https://link.springer.com/journal/148/volumes-and-issues/36-3

CALL FOR PAPERS
JOPE invites paper submissions for the following collections:
– Abortions
– Covid-19 and diseases
– Lifecycle fertility models
– Sexual and domestic violence
– Sexuality including LGBT issues
– Statistics & measurement of population economics
For more details and for examples of already published papers in these collections see:
https://glabor.org/collections-journal-of-population-economics-invites-paper-submissions-in-six-research-areas/
https://link.springer.com/journal/148/collections
JOPE Collections are a set of published papers on issues of significant relevance for the journal. Authors are continuously invited to submit their related work for evaluation stating their specific interest to contribute in the submission cover letter. JOPE Editors will treat those submissions with particular interest and speedy handling. Articles will be immediately published after final acceptance.

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Too few women at the top of firms: Foreign ownership, gender segregation and cultural causes. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellows Sangeeta Khorana & Allan Webster.

June 27, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper established the importance of cultural attitudes in determination of the gender of top managers.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1276, 2023

Too few women at the top of firms: Foreign ownership, gender segregation and cultural causes – Download PDF
by Khorana, Sangeeta & Webster, Allan

GLO Fellows Sangeeta Khorana & Allan Webster

Author Abstract: This study uses enterprise survey data from a sample of 26 countries to address the question “why are there too few women at the top of firms?”. That is, it asks why the proportion of firms with females at the top is low in relation to the share of females in full-time employment. To reduce the risk of bias arising from a confounding variable the range of explanatory variables used was wide, including data at the level of the firm, sector and country. An important contribution to the analysis was made by the inclusion of national cultural attitudes. The most important findings of the enterprise level analysis were that foreign owned firms were statistically significantly less likely to employ a female top manager, that the pattern of female top managers by sector follows a wider pattern of gender segregation, and that national cultural attitudes are important in the determination of the gender of the top manager. Having established the importance of cultural attitudes in determination of the gender of top managers the study uses a second set of data to analyse national attitudes associated with hostility to female executives. Unsurprisingly this hostility to female executives is predominantly on the part of males rather than females but religion and a lack of education are important too. The paper contributes to the literature on gender in International Business and overlaps with the literature dealing with the need for affiliates to adjust to local culture.

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The Evolution of Labor Market Disparities between Hispanic and non-Hispanic Men: 1970-2019. A new GLO Discussion Paper of Ioannis Kospentaris and GLO Fellow Leslie Stratton.

June 26, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper finds that much of the employment and earnings gains over the last 50 years are attributable to Hispanic immigrants, particularly immigrants not fluent in English.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1274, 2023

The Evolution of Labor Market Disparities between Hispanic and non-Hispanic Men: 1970-2019 – Download PDF
by Kospentaris, Ioannis & Stratton, Leslie S.

GLO Fellow Leslie Stratton

Author Abstract: We describe how ethnic disparities in the labor market between prime aged Hispanic and non-Hispanic white men have evolved over the last 50 years. Using data from the March CPS, the Census, and the ACS, we examine several employment and earning outcomes. Hispanics have experienced sizable gains to employment: from a negative 2% prior to 1990 to a positive 4% after 2010 compared to non-Hispanics. In terms of earnings, Hispanics face a substantial negative disparity between 20% and 30% with some improvement after 2000. Most of the employment gain is driven by those with less than a high school degree, while the earnings disparity increases with education. Comparing Hispanic immigrants with natives reveals much of the employment and earnings gains are attributable to Hispanic immigrants, particularly immigrants not fluent in English.

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British Colonialism and Women Empowerment in India. A new GLO Discussion Paper by Bharti Nandwani and GLO Fellow Punarjit Roychowdhury.

June 26, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper finds that women who live in areas that were under direct British rule, compared to their counterparts, are better off in terms of almost all measures of women empowerment.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1275, 2023

British Colonialism and Women Empowerment in India – Download PDF
by Nandwani, Bharti & Roychowdhury, Punarjit

GLO Fellow Punarjit Roychowdhury

Author Abstract: This paper examines the long-term link between British colonialism and women empowerment in India. We compare women’s contemporary economic outcomes across areas that were under direct British colonial rule with areas that were under indirect colonial rule. Controlling for selective annexation using a specific policy, we find that women who live in areas that were under direct British rule, compared to their counterparts, are better off in terms of almost all measures of women empowerment including employment, within-household decision-making, mobility, etc. We also document positive impacts of British colonialism on several drivers of women empowerment including education, fertility, marital age, gender norms, etc. While our study of the underlying transmission channels is challenged by data limitations, we argue that legal and institutional changes brought in by the British in favor of women and the West-inspired social reformation movement of the 19th century may be relevant to explaining this long-term link.

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Does Temporary Employment undermine the Quality of Permanent Jobs? A new GLO Discussion paper by GLO Fellow Fabio Landini and colleagues.

June 25, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper finds that temporary employments reduce the quality of permanent jobs.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1273, 2023

Does Temporary Employment undermine the Quality of Permanent Jobs? – Download PDF
by Pollio, Chiara & Landini, Fabio & Prodi, Elena & Arrighetti, Alessandro

GLO Fellow Fabio Landini

Author Abstract: Standard screening and core-periphery theories claim that temporary employment does not undermine the quality of permanent jobs. In contrast, organizational approaches suggest that firms use temporary contracts to pursue low-road employment strategies, which involve the creation of cheap and low quality jobs also for permanent employees. We test these predictions by matching administrative data at the occupation, worker and firm level from the Emilia Romagna region (Italy). Job quality is measured through non-wage occupation-specific factors capturing self-realisation, recognition and social support. Baseline and IV estimates show that a larger use of temporary employees is associated with permanent jobs of lower quality. Moreover, in firms using more temporary workers the jobs of permanent employees are more routinized and less complex. Also, in such firms, permanent workers hold occupations that receive less training and involve less teamwork. These results suggest that where temporary work is used, the low quality of permanent positions is driven by work arrangements that tend to economize on individual skills and competences, which is consistent with the low-road employment hypothesis. Related managerial and policy implications are discussed.

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Moving Policies Toward Racial and Ethnic Equality: The Case of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. A new GLO Discussion Paper by Norbert Wilson and GLO Fellows Alfonso Flores-Lagunes, Hugo Jales & Judith Liu.

June 23, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper finds that differences in eligibility contribute the most to benefits differentials for Black and Hispanic households relative to White households.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1272, 2023

Moving Policies Toward Racial and Ethnic Equality: The Case of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program – Download PDF
by Flores-Lagunes, Alfonso & Jales, Hugo B. & Liu, Judith & Wilson, Norbert L.

GLO Fellows Alfonso Flores-Lagunes, Hugo Jales & Ju dith Liu

Alfonso Flores-Lagunes is also an Editor of the Journal of Population Economics.

Author Abstract: We analyze the role played by the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) in alleviating or exacerbating inequality across racial and ethnic groups in food expenditures and in the resources needed to meet basic food needs (the “food resource gap”). To do this, we propose a simple framework that decomposes differences across groups in SNAP benefit transfer levels into three components: eligibility, participation, and generosity. This decomposition is then linked to differences in food expenditures and the food resource gap. Our results reveal that among the three components, differences in eligibility contribute the most to SNAP benefits differentials for Black and Hispanic households relative to White households. Given that SNAP is often a target of policy changes, we employ the framework to provide counterfactual analyses of how selected SNAP policy changes can impact group differences in benefits and, ultimately, disparities in food expenditures and the food resource gap. The proposed framework can be applied to analyze other safety net programs.

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Intergenerational scars: The impact of parental unemployment on individual health later in life. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellow Matteo Picchio and Michele Ubaldi.

June 22, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper detected a negative effect on physical health.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1271, 2023

Intergenerational scars: The impact of parental unemployment on individual health later in life – Download PDF
by Ubaldi, Michele & Picchio, Matteo

GLO Fellow Matteo Picchio

Author Abstract: This paper studies whether individuals that experienced parental unemployment during their childhood/early adolescence have poorer health once they reach the adulthood. We used data from the German Socio-Economic Panel from 2002 until 2018. Our identification strategy of the causal effect of parental unemployment relied on plant closures as exogenous variation of the individual labor market condition. We combined matching methods and parametric estimation to strengthen the causal interpretation of the estimates. On the one hand, we found a nil effect for parental unemployment on mental health. On the other hand, we detected a negative effect on physical health. The latter is stronger if parental unemployment occurred in early periods of the childhood, and it is heterogeneous across gender. The negative effect of parental unemployment on physical health may be explained by a higher alcohol and tobacco consumption later in life.

Featured image: JR-Korpa-on-Unsplash

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Beauty, Underage Drinking, and Adolescent Risky Behaviours. A new GLO Discussion Paper by GLO Fellows Colin Green & Anwen Zhang and Luke Wilson.

June 21, 2023Discussion Paper, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

A new GLO Discussion Paper finds that attractive adolescents are more likely to engage in drinking.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 1270, 2023

Beauty, Underage Drinking, and Adolescent Risky Behaviours – Download PDF
by Green, Colin P. & Wilson, Luke B. & Zhang, Anwen

GLO Fellows Colin Green & Anwen Zhang

Author Abstract: Physically attractive individuals experience a range of advantages in adulthood including higher earnings; yet, how attractiveness influences earlier consequential decisions is not well understood. This paper estimates the effect of attractiveness on engagement in risky behaviours in adolescence. We find marked effects across a range of risky behaviours with notable contrasts. Attractive adolescents are more likely to engage in drinking; the gap between attractive and unattractive adolescents in terms of propensity to drink constitutes about one fifth of the baseline mean. In contrast, more attractive adolescents are less likely to smoke, use drugs, or practice unprotected sex. Investigation into the underlying channels reveals that physically attractive adolescents are more popular, have higher self-esteem and personality attractiveness. Popularity leads to a higher likelihood of engagement in “cool” risky behaviours and a lower likelihood for “uncool” behaviours, while self-esteem and personality generally predict a lower likelihood in engaging in all risky behaviours. Our findings suggest physical attractiveness in adolescence carries long-lasting consequences over the life course.

Featured image: YesMore Content on Unsplash

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Collections: Journal of Population Economics invites paper submissions in six research areas.

June 19, 2023Highlight, News, Post, Post-23GLO Admin

Collections and calls for papers: While continuing to publish top articles in all areas of population economics, we currently encourage submissions in specific areas.

Join the JOPE Collection of your research area through publication of your top article in the prestigious and highly ranked Journal of Population Economics (CiteScore 2022 = 9.2; see for further information: LINK; SSCI IF 2022 = 6.1).

JOPE Collections are a set of published papers on issues of significant relevance for the journal. Authors are continuously invited (right now or later) to submit their related work for evaluation stating their specific interest to contribute in the submission cover letter. JOPE Editors will treat those submissions with particular interest and speedy handling. Articles will be immediately published after final acceptance, listed regularly and in the particular collection of the Springer Nature JOPE journal website.

As of June 2023, JOPE has established the following collections (see also LINK):

Abortions

Individual decisions, mental health and wellbeing, long-term socioeconomic consequences on individuals and society, public opinion and attitudes, and impact of abortion services and policies.